reeeeenal Flashcards
mannitol?
osmotic diuretic
used in drug OD, elevated ICP/intraocular P
tox: pulmonary edema, dehydration
* * contradindicated in anuria, HF
acetazolamide?
carbonic anhydrase inhib
uses: glaucoma, urine alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness, pseudotumor cerebri
tox: hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, paresthesias, NH3 tox, sulfa allergy
loop diuretic MOA?
sulfonamides
inhibit Na/K/Cl in LOH
stimulate PGE release
increase Ca excretion
loop diuretic toxicity?
ototoxicity hypokalemia dehydration allergy interstitial nephitis gout
ethacrynic acid?
phenoxyacetic acid derivative - same MOA as lasix but NOT sulfa drug
- use in pts with sulfa allergies
** can cause hyperuricemia - don’t use in gout
thiazide toxicity?
hypokalemic metabolic acidosis
hyponatremia
HYPER: glycemia, lipidemia, uricemia, calcemia
sulfa allergy
which diuretic does not affect urine NaCl?
acetazolamide
which diuretics increase urine K?
loops and thiazides
which diuretics cause acidemia?
carbonic anhydrase inhib
K-sparing diuretics (prevent K/H secretion, hyperkalemia –> exchange for H+ in tubule)
which diuretics cause alkalemia?
loops and thiazides: volume contraction, K exchange for H (intra/extracellular), hypoK –> H/Na exchange in collecting duct
how do loops vs thiazides affect urinary Ca?
loops: increase urine Ca (decreased paracellular reabsorption)
thiazides: decrease urinary Ca (increased DCT reabsorption)
ACEi vs ARB re: bradykinin?
ACE –> increased bradykinin (decreased inactivation) –> vasodilation
ARB –> no change in bradykinin
ACEi effects in diabetic nephropathy?
decrease intraglomerular nephropathy
slow GBM thickening
ACE inhibitor toxicity?
cough angioedema teratogen increased Cr hyperkalemia hypoT
what mx are contraindicated in C1 esterase deficiency?
(hereditary angioedema) - ACEis
