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step 1 - pharm > endo > Flashcards

endo Flashcards

1
Q

rapid acting insulins?

A

aspart, glulisine, lispro

bind insulin receptor –> tyrosine kinase activity

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2
Q

NPH?

A

intermediate acting insulin

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3
Q

detemir, glargine?

A

long acting insulins

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4
Q

metformin?

A

increases insulin sensitivity - MOA unknown
can be used in T1DM (pts w/o islet function)

** lactic acidosis!! contraindicated in renal insufficiency

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5
Q

first gen sulfonylureas?

A

chlorpropamide

tolbutamide

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6
Q

second gen sulfonylureas?

A

glimepiride
glipizide
glyburide

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7
Q

sulfonylurea MOA?

A

close K+ channel in beta cells –> depol –> insulin release 2/2 Ca influx

** need islet cell function: can’t be used in T1DM

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8
Q

sulfonylurea toxicity?

A

increased risk of hypoglycemia in renal failure
1st gen –> disulfiram-like
2nd gen –> hypoglycemia

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9
Q

thiazolidinediones MOA?

A

= glitazones

bind to PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator –> increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue

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10
Q

glitazone toxicity?

A 
weight gain
edema
hepatotoxicity
HF
increased risk of fx
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11
Q

GLP-1 analogs?

A

exenatide, liraglutide
increase insulin and decrease glucagon release

** tox: N/V, pancreatitis

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12
Q

DPP-4 inhibitors?

A

linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin
increase insulin and decrease glucagon release

** tox: mild UTI/resp infx

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13
Q

amylin analog?

A

pramlintide
decrease gastric emptying, decrease glucagon

** tox: hypoglycemia, N/D

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14
Q

SGLT-2 inhibitors?

A

canagliflozin
block glucose reabsorption in PCT

** tox: UTI, glucosuria, vaginal yeast infx

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15
Q

alpha glucosidase inhibitors?

A

acarbose, miglitol
inhibit brush border alpha-glucosidase –> delayed carb hydrolysis and glucose absorption –> decrease post-prandial hyperglycemia

** tox: GI disturbances

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16
Q

PTU/methimazole MOA?

A

both: block thyroid peroxidase –> decreased thyroid hormone synth
PTU: also blocks 5’deiodinase –> decreased peripheral T4–>T3

17
Q

PTU/methimazole toxicity?

A

skin rash
agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia
PTU –> hepatotoxicity
methimazole –> teratogen - aplasia cutis

18
Q

ADH antagonists?

A

conivaptan, tolvaptan

block action of ADH at V2 receptor

19
Q

demeclocycline?

A

ADH antagonist, used in SIADH

** tox: nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, teeth/bone abnormalities (member of tetracyclines)

20
Q

cinacalcet?

A

sensitizes Ca++ sensing receptor in parathyroid gland –> decreased PTH release
used for hyperCa in hyperPTHish

** tox: hypocalcemia

step 1 - pharm (13 decks)

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