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FAMS > Toxic plants > Flashcards

Toxic plants Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical signs of a cow with wild cherry toxicity?

A
  • exercise intolerance
  • down
  • seizures
  • death
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2
Q

what is the toxin responsible for wild cherry toxicity?

A

cyanide

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3
Q

what is the effect of cyanide in cases of wild cherry toxicity?

A

makes oxygen irreversibly bound to hemoglobin

(bright, cherry colored blood)

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4
Q

What color is the blood of animals with wild cherry toxicity?

A

bright red

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5
Q

what is the onset of toxicity for wild cherries?

A

15-20 minutes

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6
Q

how much wild cherry does a ruminant have to eat for toxicity to occur?

A

1-5 lbs in a 1200 lb cow.

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7
Q

T/F: all wild cherry leaves are toxic

A

false – only the wilted ones

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8
Q

What is the treatment for a cow with wild cherry toxicity?

A

Na thiosulfate / Na nitrate IV

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9
Q

What is the clinical sign of japanese yew toxicity?

A

death due to the heart stopping

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10
Q

what is the onset of japanese yew toxicity?

A

1-3 hours

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11
Q

what is the toxic dose of japanese yew for a 1200 lb cow?

A

1 lb

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12
Q

how do you treat japanese yew toxicity?

A

you cannot :(

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13
Q

T/F: japanese yew plants are very common and the leaves become more toxic as they mature throughout the year.

A

true

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14
Q

what is the toxin responsible for japanese yew toxicity?

A

taxine

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15
Q

what are the major clinical signs associated with buckeye toxicity?

A
  1. goose stepping (stilted gait and staggering)
  2. down + hyperesthesia
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16
Q

what is the toxin responsible for buckeye toxicity?

A

glycosides – aesculin and fraxin

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17
Q

what organ system is affected in buckeye toxicity?

A

brain

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18
Q

what is the onset for buckeye toxicity?

A

12-24 hours

19
Q

how much buckeye does a 1200 lb cow need to eat in order to get buckeye toxicity?

A

5 lbs

20
Q

what is the treatment for buckeye toxicity?

A
  1. prevent bloat from being in lateral recumbency
  2. prevent drowning
  3. prevent injury from falling

sedate with xylazine/acepromazine

21
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with acorn toxicity?

A

Ain’t doing right
hemorrhagic diarrhea (mild, with distinctive odor)
ruminal fluid distention

22
Q

what organ systems does acorn toxicity affect?

A

kidneys* – renal tubular necrosis
GI – watery black diarrhea

23
Q

what is the onset for acorn toxicity?

A

days (only when clinical signs become apparent)

24
Q

T/F: the toxic dose for acorns is 5 lbs per 1200 lb cow

A

false – the toxic dose is unknown

25
Q

what is a diagnostic feature of acorn toxicity?

A

extremely elevated BUN and creatinine

26
Q

how do you treat acorn toxicity?

A

IV and oral fluids, but this is unrewarding usually due to extent of renal failure when clinical signs finally become apparent.

27
Q

what is the toxin responsible for acorn toxicity?

A

tannins

28
Q

T/F: acorns can cause birth defects in pregnant cows if consumed, even if at non-toxic doses

A

true

29
Q

What causes ‘summer slump’?

A

fescue

30
Q

what two categories of cattle are affected by summer slump and whats the difference in their signs?

A
  1. Stockers – decreased growth by 20-70%
  2. Cows – early embryonic death in cows that are bred during summer heat because fescue raises body temp and any temp > 104 within 7 days after fertilization will result in 100% death… (appears as infetility)
31
Q

what toxin occurs mostly in goats?

A

rhododendron toxicity!

32
Q

What is the clinical sign of rhododendron toxicity in goats?

A

projectile vomiting and generalized weakness

33
Q

what is the treatment for goats with rhododendron toxicity?

A

supportive care

34
Q

what does nitrate toxicity cause?

A

Too many nitrates leads to methemoglobulin and an inability to bind oxygen. This leads to anoxia causing the clinical signs we see (exercise intolerance, down, seizures, belligerence).

35
Q

how can you diagnose nitrate toxicity?

A

chocolate brown blood due to methemoglobin

36
Q

what is the treatment for nitrate toxicity?

A

1% solution of methylene blue or 1cc/5lb vitamin C

37
Q

what are common sources of nitrate toxicity?

A

drought-stressed plants (summer annuals, millet, sorghum, sudan grass, johnson grass, oats)

38
Q

T/F: most livestock will not consume weeds unless they are forced by not having access to anything else to eat.

A

true

39
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with spiny pigweed and what organ is affected?

A

ADR – kidney failure is occurring due to nitrate toxicity

40
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Jimson weed?

A

increased RR, increased HR, urination and defecation

41
Q

What is the biggest clinical signs associated with sweet vernal grass?

A

bleeding out due to warfarin (an anticoagulant)

42
Q

what is the major clinical sign of perilla mint ingestion?

A

acute respiratory distress (panting)

note: this is one weed that livestock will occasionally eat by choice.

43
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with livestock who have ingested pokeweed?

A

diarrhea and colic.

FAMS (36 decks)

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