Bloat, Choke, Wires Flashcards
what can cause acute intraluminal choke?
- FB – fruit, potatoes, corn cobs, etc.
- boluses of dry grain (esp in SR)
What is the difference between intraluminal choke versus extraluminal choke?
extraluminal choke develops over a period of days. The clinical presentation is usually coughing or gagging.
Things that can cause extraluminal choke include: cellulitus from injections, abscesses, enlarged mediastinal LN, tumors, pneumonia, hypoderma lineatum larvae, or constriction from previous choke.
whereas intraluminal choke is acute and caused by FB or dry grain.
You arrive on a farm and a cow is having increased salivation and multiple attempts to swallow. What is most likely the cause of this presentation?
choke
what are 3 places foriegn bodies can get stuck and create a choke?
- post-pharyngeal
- thoracic inlet
- base of heart
why are animals with choke at higher risk for dehydration, acidosis, and electrolyte derangements?
loss of bicarbonate in the excessive salivation as well as being off-feed.
What are the various options to treat a choke case?
- sedate with xylazine (relaxation of animal and esophagus to allow passage of obstruction)
- manual removal of object with wire
- pass stomach tube and push object into rumen
- rumenotomy and pass wire loop up esophagus
- rumen trocarization (if severely bloated and about to die)
then after you resolve the choke:
- antibiotics (to prevent/tx aspiration pneumonia
- NSAIDs
- fluids
- soft diet
what is the prognosis of choke?
good unless damaged esophageal mucosa
so, watch them for 24 hrs to make sure it does not occur again.
what are the 3 types of bloat?
- frothy
- free gas d/t excessive gas production
- free gas d/t failure to eructate
_________ is caused by diets that lead to formation of stable froth within the rumen
frothy bloat
____________ is caused by excessive gas production and lowered ruminal pH, which results in decreased rumen motility and eructation.
free gas bloat
__________ is caused by failure to eructate from extra-luminal causes (partial or complete blockage of esophagus) allowing gas accumulation.
free gas bloat
what are predisposing factors to frothy bloat?
- diets of lush legumes or feeding alfalfa hay
- high concentrate/grain diets
what are predisposing factors to developing free-gas bloat?
- decreased ruminal contractions (consuming too much concentrate –> increased VFAs, decreased pH –> inhibit cyclic contractions of forestomach –> decrease eructation –> gas accumulation)
- decreased ruminal contractions (d/t hypocalcemia causing muscle weakness of ruminal wall)
- blockages (obstruction of esophagus, postural bloat)
what are the clinical signs of bloat regardless of the type of bloat it is?
- distention of L paralumbar fossa above rib and tuber coxae
- distension can cause animal to bulge on right side depending on severity
- signs of colic (frequent up & down, stretched out neck, stretched out back legs)
- open mouth breathing, cyanosis, collapse, death
what do you tell the owner to do with a cow that has bloat PRIOR to your arrival/ what youll do to treat it?
- if down –> place animal in sternal recumb; if standing –> keep animal moving to keep ingest mixed and reduce pressure on diaphragm
- place gag in animals mouth to increase saliva production
- pass garden hose / stomach tube
- raise front end of animal to reduce pressure
- drench with 1 tbsp of soap in 1 qt water, or if frothy bloat – poloxalene and mineral oil.
- trocarize rumen as LAST RESORT (resp distress, etc.)
- treat for acidosis with sodium bicarbonate or mag hydroxide if pH < 5.5
