Small Ruminant Neurological Diseases Flashcards
What bacterial organism causes meningitis in goats?
mycoplasma
which they can get from milk of asymptomatic dam, FPT, or dehorning/tail docking.
what clinical signs are associated with meningitis?
- opisthotonus
- nystagmus
- convulsions
- diarrhea
- stiff neck
- crying abnormally
- +/- swelling of joints an pneumonia (if mycoplasma)
how do you diagnose meningitis in SR?
- demonstrate FPT (PP <5)
- spinal fluid tap – cloudy with clots
how do you tx meningitis in SR?
- Ceftiofur IV
- Nuflor IM
- Tylan IV (for mycoplasma)
- Tetracycline IV (for mycoplasma)
- Banamine
- Dexamethasone
how can you prevent meningitis in SR?
- clean birthing area
- adeq colostrum intake (10-20% BW in first 12 hr)
- heat treat colostrum and milk (for prev of mycoplasma meningitis)
what is the cause of aseptic meningitis in SR?
thermal dehorning – cautery left on too long or used before it was hot enough.
the clinical signs are the same as if it were bacterial meningitis, so you have to diagnose based on hx of thermal dehorning.
what is the tx for aseptic meningitis caused by thermal dehorning?
- dexamethasone
- mannitol IV
What type of virus is Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis?
lentivirus
this virus is contracted through ingestion of infected colostrum
You arrive at a goat farm to look at a 2 month old kid who is javing rear limb ataxia that has gotten worse since yesterday. The kid does not have a fever and is BAR. What is most likely the diagnosis?
CAE
this condition will progress to tetraplegia and facial paralysis with opthisthotonus.
How is listeria monocytogenes acquired?
breaks in oral mucosa –> organism (ubiquitous in env/spoiled silage/feces/milk/uterine fluids) gains entry
T/F: fever is only present in chronic stages of listeriosis
false - it occurs during the first 3-4 days of the infection, then become afebrile.
what are clinical signs associated with listeriosis?
depends on location and severity of the lesion in the brainstem
depression, anorexia, dysphagia, increased salivation, head tilt, circling?, lack of menace and palpebral reflex, nystagmus, ear droop, upper resp obstruction, dropped jaw, protruding tongue.
CN deficits
how do you diagnose listeriosis in SR?
CSF tap – elevated protein, more than 5 WBC/mL, 50% or more being mononuclear.
how do you tx listeriosis in SR?
- antibiotics for 10d minimum
(procaine penicillin, oxytetracycline, florenicol) - banamine
- oral electrolyte fluids
What is the organism that causes cerebrospinal nematodiasis?
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis larvae (deer worm)
Definitive host is white-tailed deer
Abberrant host is snail or slug
Grazing SR ingest the snail or slug infected with P. tenuis
what clinical signs are associated with cerebrospinal nematodiasis?
acute onset of ataxia in hind limbs, BAR, paresis, knuckling
what cells could you see in in CSF of a case of cerebrospinal nematodiasis?
eosinophils
(specific but not sensitive)
how do you tx cerebrospinal nematodiasis?
- Ivomec or Doramectin for 5 days
- Fenbendazole for 3-5 days
- banamine daily
- dexamethasone
what causes polioencephalomalacia in SR?
thiamine deficiency or sulfide toxicity
disrupts glycolysis and ATP production –> sodium accumulates in cells –> water moves in –> swelling of cells and death
or
disruption of ion transport systems.
T/F: high energy diets can lead to polio in SR
true – high energy diets produce acidic rumen environment, which increases the production of thiaminases or decreases bacteria that produce thiamine.
what are clinical signs associated with polio in SR?
- blind
- dorsomedial strabismus
- anorexia
how do we tx polio in SR?
- thiamine (IM or SQ)
- dexamethsaone
- mannitol
if due to sulfur toxicity, they will not respond.
how can we prevent polio in SR?
- make feed changes gradually
- provide thiamine in feed during feed changes and times of stress.
- dietary sulfur less than 0.43%
what causes scrapie?
prion (PrP)
