Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FAMS > Lameness > Flashcards

Lameness Flashcards

1
Q

Lameness can be split into infectious etiology or non-infectious etiology. What are the 3 main infectious etiologies for lameness caused by a foot lesion?

A
  1. digital dermatitis
  2. foot rot
  3. heel erosion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lameness can be split into infectious etiology or non-infectious etiology. What are the main non-infectious etiologies for lameness caused by a foot lesion? (there are 6)

A
  1. interdigital hyperplasia (corns)
  2. sole or toe ulcers
  3. white line disease
  4. thin soles
  5. cork screw claw
  6. wall cracks and fissures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What condition does a cow most likely have if there is painful, bilaterally focal swelling above the coronary band?

A

foot rot

if unilateral, then it would more likely be a deeper infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are you trying to accomplish with your distance examination?
(4 main things)

A
  1. BCS (to see if this is a severe or chronic issue causing their BCS to be neg affected)
  2. Determine if the problem is upper leg vs lower leg
  3. Look at conformation of limbs and claws
  4. overall general health of the animal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you tie up a foot in the chute for effective examination?

A

use a clove-hitch with a lariat quick release to make a pulley system. this will reduce kicking ability and stabilize the foot for examination.

You could also use standing sedation (xylazine) but this can make them off-balance since you are going to be pulling up one of her feet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What limb/foot do you start your examination on first – lame or healthy?

A

lame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the examination of the foot:

A
  1. Clean foot thoroughly
  2. Examine the soft tissues
  3. Remove excess toe length.
  4. Examine sole and remove sole starting at toe first
  5. Balance claws and pare out axial walls
  6. place block on if needed after trimming both claws
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what agent is involved in foot rot?

A

fusobacterium necroforum (a gram negative anaerobe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What drugs are approved for treatment of foot rot?

A
  1. ceftiofur (no milk WD)
  2. oxytet (WD of 4 days)
  3. Tylan
  4. Norfenicol
  5. tulithromycin
  6. excenel (for lactating dairy cows)
  7. excede
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how long does it take after initiating antibiotic treatment for foot rot to improve?

A

3-5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What upper leg injury is most common in cattle that causes lameness?

A

stifle injury
(ACL tear, meniscal damage, MCL or LCL tears)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A cow is walking on their back toe with the heel elevated off the ground, what type of injury does she most likely have?

A

ACL injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you treat for upper leg lameness?

A

NSAIDs, stall rest

usually mild cases will heal if they have confinement. But, in general, healing takes a long time (months).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do stifle injuries commonly occur? (4 reasonS)

A
  1. slipping on concrete in facilities
  2. breeding injury
  3. mountainous terrain or holes in pasture
  4. poor leg conformation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What luxation or subluxation is the most common to cause traumatic upper leg lameness in cattle, especially dairy cattle?

A

coxofemoral (Craniodorsal= most common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why are dairy cows at higher risk for luxations and subluxations than beef cattle?

A

they have LESS muscle and their housing/facility conditions

17
Q

A dairy cow is down and when she tries to get up, she does not bear weight on her hind limb. You recognize that this is most likely a coxofemoral luxation/subluxation. What is the best diagnostic tool?

A

ultrasound

18
Q

T/F: calves with fractures heal well with thomas-schoeder splints or casts and stall rest

A

true

19
Q

what are the nerves at risk for damage in the pelvic limbs?

A

sciatic
obturator
tibial
peroneal
femoral

(usually from calving-related injuries, trauma, injection sites, or developmental injuries)

20
Q

what nerve is at risk for damage in the thoracic limbs?

A

radial

(usually from chute injuries)

21
Q

what is the treatment for neuropathies in cattle?

A

steroids followed by NSAIDs; provide good footing or even place hobbles.

22
Q

what is the classic presentation of a standing cow with sciatic nerve damage?

A

dropped hocks, knuckled.

23
Q

What is the difference between peroneal nerve damage and tibial nerve damage?

A

with peroneal, it is typical to see unilateral knuckling.
with tibial, its typically bilateral dropped hocks.

24
Q

What nerve passes over the lateral femoral condyles?

A

peroneal

25
Q

what condition occurs in young, fast-growing animals that can lead to arthritis and upper leg lameness?

A

osteochondritis dissicans

26
Q

A ________ is localized horn destruction that perforates the claw capsule leading to exposure and infection of the underlying cornium.

A

sole ulcer
(a non-infectious claw lesion)

27
Q

what are the risk factors for sole ulcers?

A
  1. CHD or subacute laminitis
  2. lack of proper claw balance/length
  3. hard abrasive walking surfaces
  4. excessive weight bearing
28
Q

what claw are sole ulcers MOST commonly seen in?

A

lateral claw (rear) due to overgrowth of heel horn.

29
Q

what causes white line disease (separation of the white line secondary to structural weakening of the white line often secondary to bacterial penetration)?

(3 potential causes)

A
  1. mechanical injury
  2. poor horn quality (subclinical laminitis)
  3. hard, abrasive or irregular walking surfaces
30
Q

how do you treat sole uclers and white line disease?

A

remove loose necrotic tissue
block unaffected claw
antibiotics if swelling of STs

31
Q

what claws are MOST commonly affected by corkscrew claw?

A

lateral claw in hindlimbs
medial claw in forelimbs

32
Q

__________ is a heritable misalignment of the 2nd and 3rd phalanges.

A

corkscrew claw

33
Q

what lesions can be secondary to corkscrew claw?

A

white line disease
sole ulcers
+/- digital sepsis (if extension of ulcer or abscess)

34
Q

how do you treat corkscrew claw?

A
  1. balance sole of other claw
  2. remove fold in axial wall and slope out axial wall
  3. increase weight bearing surface of corkscrew claw
35
Q

how can you manage corkscrew claw over time?

A

trim every 6 months to 1 year
or cull the animal

36
Q

what is the treatment for a case of digital sepsis in which the animal will not stand?

A

euthanasia

other option if less severe is surgery

37
Q

Radiographs are indicated in cases of suspected digital sepsis. If radiographic changes are present, what does this tell you about the prognosis?

A

worse and antibiotic treatment may not be warranted.
prompt surgical tx and antibiotics for deep infections leads to better prognosis

38
Q

what is the surgical treatment for digital sepsis?

A
  1. relive pain first with IV regional limb anesthesia (bier block)
  2. investigate and decide the surgical location
  3. digit amputation (sharp dissection or skin incision and ob wire)

this will be followed up by antibiotics (5-10d) and NSAIDs + stall confinement for 1 month and bandage changes.

FAMS (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions