tour of the cell pt 2

Question 1

endomembrane system

Answer 1

Connects to transfer via vesicles. regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions

Question 2

what is the endoplasmic membrane (ER)

Answer 2

more than half of total membrane in eukaryotic cells. outside nuclear envelope.

Question 3

difference between smooth ER and rough Er

Answer 3

smooth ER = lacks ribosomes. rough ER = surface is studded with ribosomes

Question 4

smooth ER functions

Answer 4

Merges lipids, Metabolize carbohydrates, Detoxifies drugs and poisons, Stores calcium ions.

Question 5

rough ER functions

Answer 5

Bound ribosomes that produce glycoproteins, Distributes transport vesicles, Is membrane factory

Question 6

what is the golgi apparatus

Answer 6

Cisterane (flattened membrane sac). Manufactures certain macromolecules. Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles

Question 7

what are lysosomes

Answer 7

Membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes, Digests macromolecules under low PH, Made by the ER then transferred to Golgi for processing

Question 8

type of lysosomes

Answer 8

Autophagy (lysosome breaking down damaged organelles). Phagocytosis( lysosome digesting food)

Question 9

what are vacuoles and the types of vacuoles

Answer 9

Vesicles derived from ER and Golgi. Food vacuoles- formed by phagocytosis. Contractile vacuoles- pump excess water out of cells. Central vacuoles - hold organic compounds and water

Question 10

what is the Endosymbiont theory

Answer 10

Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic ancestors. explanation- double membrane, Contain ribosomes and circular DNA

Question 11

what is the mitochondria

Answer 11

Two compartments (intermembrane space and matrix). Matrix contained enzymes, mitochondrial DNA, and ribosomes

Question 12

what are Chloroplasts

Answer 12

convert light energy into chemical energy. Site of photosynthesis. Found in leaves and other green organs

Question 13

three components of chloroplasts

Answer 13

Intermebrane space, stroma, thylakoid space

Question 14

what is the stroma

Answer 14

Enzymes, ribosomes, chloroplasts DNA

Question 15

what is the cytoskeleton

Answer 15

Network of fibers, Give shape and mechanical support, quickly disassembled and reassembled

Question 16

what are motor proteins

Answer 16

involved in cell motility. proteins that interact with the cytoskeleton and other cell components to produce movement

Question 17

Cytoskeleton elements

Answer 17

fibers extending through the cytoplasm

Question 18

what are Microtubules

Answer 18

found in the cytoskeleton. Found in all eukaryotic cells (hallow rods), Maintenance of cell shape, cell motility movement of chromosomes during cell division, organelle movement

Question 19

what are Microfilaments

Answer 19

In all eukaryotic cells. Function- muscle contraction, changes cell shape, muscle contraction, cell motility, and cell division

Question 20

what are Intermediate filaments

Answer 20

Fibrous proteins coiled into cables. Maintenance of cell shape, anchors nucleus, and some organelles, forms nuclear lamina

Question 21

what are flagella’s

Answer 21

they move like a fish. used for cell movement

Question 22

what is the Cillia

Answer 22

used for cell movement. they beat in a direction perpendicular to the cell’s movement.

Question 23

what are cell walls

Answer 23

Protects the cell, maintains shape, and prevents excess water update

Question 24

what is the animal extra-cellular matric (ECM)

Answer 24

Fibronection is one ECM protein that attaches the ECM to integrins embedded in the plasma membrane