tour of the cell pt 2 Flashcards
endomembrane system
Connects to transfer via vesicles. regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions
what is the endoplasmic membrane (ER)
more than half of total membrane in eukaryotic cells. outside nuclear envelope.
difference between smooth ER and rough Er
smooth ER = lacks ribosomes. rough ER = surface is studded with ribosomes
smooth ER functions
Merges lipids, Metabolize carbohydrates, Detoxifies drugs and poisons, Stores calcium ions.
rough ER functions
Bound ribosomes that produce glycoproteins, Distributes transport vesicles, Is membrane factory
what is the golgi apparatus
Cisterane (flattened membrane sac). Manufactures certain macromolecules. Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles
what are lysosomes
Membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes, Digests macromolecules under low PH, Made by the ER then transferred to Golgi for processing
type of lysosomes
Autophagy (lysosome breaking down damaged organelles). Phagocytosis( lysosome digesting food)
what are vacuoles and the types of vacuoles
Vesicles derived from ER and Golgi. Food vacuoles- formed by phagocytosis. Contractile vacuoles- pump excess water out of cells. Central vacuoles - hold organic compounds and water
what is the Endosymbiont theory
Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic ancestors. explanation- double membrane, Contain ribosomes and circular DNA
what is the mitochondria
Two compartments (intermembrane space and matrix). Matrix contained enzymes, mitochondrial DNA, and ribosomes
what are Chloroplasts
convert light energy into chemical energy. Site of photosynthesis. Found in leaves and other green organs
three components of chloroplasts
Intermebrane space, stroma, thylakoid space
what is the stroma
Enzymes, ribosomes, chloroplasts DNA
what is the cytoskeleton
Network of fibers, Give shape and mechanical support, quickly disassembled and reassembled
what are motor proteins
involved in cell motility. proteins that interact with the cytoskeleton and other cell components to produce movement
Cytoskeleton elements
fibers extending through the cytoplasm
what are Microtubules
found in the cytoskeleton. Found in all eukaryotic cells (hallow rods), Maintenance of cell shape, cell motility movement of chromosomes during cell division, organelle movement
what are Microfilaments
In all eukaryotic cells. Function- muscle contraction, changes cell shape, muscle contraction, cell motility, and cell division
what are Intermediate filaments
Fibrous proteins coiled into cables. Maintenance of cell shape, anchors nucleus, and some organelles, forms nuclear lamina
what are flagella’s
they move like a fish. used for cell movement
what is the Cillia
used for cell movement. they beat in a direction perpendicular to the cell’s movement.
what are cell walls
Protects the cell, maintains shape, and prevents excess water update
what is the animal extra-cellular matric (ECM)
Fibronection is one ECM protein that attaches the ECM to integrins embedded in the plasma membrane
