carbon/functional groups Flashcards
carbon bonds can form with how many bonds
can form up bonds with four atoms
what are carbon skeletons
carbon boned to carbon. attached to functional groups (linear, branched, circular)
what are organic molecules
hydrocarbons, molecules only involving carbon and hydrogen
what are cis-trans isomers
difference in position of functional group in relation to carbon double bond. cis isomers= functional group on same side of carbon bond. trans isomers= functional group on opposite sides of carbon bond
what is symmetric carbon
a carbon bonded to four different things
what are functional groups
cemical groups that add diversity to carbon skeletons
what is the functional group (-OH) hydroxyl
found in alcohols and carbohydrates (example ethanol) can form hydrogen bonds
what is the functional group (-C-=O) carbonyl
ketone= within a molecule. aldehyde= at end of a molecule
what is the functional group carboxyl
highly polar, found in amino acids
what is the functional group (-NH2) amino
very polar, found in amino acids. in solutions become -NH3+
what is the functional group (-SH) sulfhydryl
polar group, cysteine. important for making protein
what is the functional group phosphate
polar group, found in nucleotide (DNA, RNA).
