Energy transformations Flashcards
Energy in the cell components
the mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes
whats is Metabolism
sum of an organism’s chemical reactions.
what are Metabolic pathways
structures where the cell extracts energy stored in sugars and other fuels and applies energy to perform work
what are Enzymes
macromolecules that catalyze (speed up) each reaction
what are Catabolic pathways
energy release by breaking down molecules to simpler compounds (ex cellular respiration)
what are Anabolic pathways
pathways that consume energy to build complex molecules
what is kinetic energy and thermal energy
kinetic energy = energy associated with motion. thermal energy = random motion of atoms and molecules
whats is potential energy and Chemical energy
potential energy= energy that matter possesses because of its location. chemical energy = realised from ractions
what is the study of Thermodynamics
study of energy transformations.
what is the first law of Thermodynamics
energy can be transferred and transformed. But cannot be created or destroyed (conservation of energy)
what is the second law of Thermodynamics
during every energy transfer or transformation, some energy is unusable and is lost as heat
what are open systems
organisms that exchange energy and matter with their environments
what is free energy
instability (g)
what is Spontaneous change
reduction in free energy and increase instability
Spontaneous processes occur without energy input, they can happen quickly or slowly
More free energy (higher g).
what is equilibrium
stability
what is an Exergonic reaction
Proceeds with net release of free energy and are spontaneous (energy released)
what is an endergonic reaction
a reaction that absorbs free energy (energy required) nonspontaneous
components of the cells open system
never at equilibrium, constant flow of materials
what is chemical work
pushed endergonic reactions
what is transport work
moves substances against their concentration gradient
what is mechanical work
moves matter
what is energy coupling
using an exergonic process to drive endergonic process
what is ATP
adenosine triphosphate= cells energy shuddle.
when is ATP relased
whenever the teminal phosphate bond is broken. the energy comes from chemical change to a state of lower free energy
what is transport work in regards to ATP
ATP phophorlyates transport proteins
what is mecanical work in regards to ATP
binds non-congenitally to motor proteins and then is hydrolyzed
what is ADP
adenosine diphosphate. atp is renewable resource that is regenerated by addition of a phosphate group to adp
