Topography of Brain

Question 1

White and Grey matter?

Answer 1

White is myelinated axons and grey is neuronal cell bodies

neuronal cell body collecting within CNS is nuclei and outside CNS is ganglion

Question 2

lateral ventricles?

Answer 2

cerebral hemispheres

foramen of munro into third ventricle

Question 3

third ventricle?

Answer 3

slit between L/R half of diencephalon

cerebral aqueduct

Question 4

fourth ventricle?

Answer 4

between pons and medulla

has lateral apertures for entry into subarachnoid space

Question 5

CSF formation

Answer 5

by the choroid plexus made up of ependymal cells and drained into saggital sinus

Question 6

where does ICA enter skill?

Answer 6

carotid canal

Question 7

venous drainage in brain?

Answer 7

superficial and deep veins of the brain into venous sinuses which lie between 2 layers of dura mater

the dural venous sinuses join together to drain into IJV

Question 8

brainstem consists of?

Answer 8

midbrain/pons/medulla

Question 9

medulla

Answer 9

lowest part of brainstem that continues as spinal cord

pyramids and their decussations, olives laterally and connected to cerebellum by inferior cerebellar peduncle

CN 9-12

Question 10

pons

Answer 10

comms between brain + sensation
fourth ventricle is posterior
middle cerebellar peduncle
CN 5-8

Question 11

midbrain

Answer 11

develops from mesencephalon
central cavity is cerebral aqueduct
superior cerebellar peduncle, cerebral peduncle, corpora quadrigemina
CN 3+4

Question 12

cerebellum

Answer 12

R+L hemisphere separated by Vermis with a anterior, posterior, flocculonodular and cerebellar tonsil
surface has sulci and folia with 3 cerebellar peduncle connecting to brain

Question 13

cerebellum functions?

Answer 13

posture maintenance
fine tuning motor activity
calculates best way to coordinate force, direction, muscle contraction

Question 14

Diencephalon

Answer 14

deep within cerebral hemispheres around 3rd ventricle

develops from diencephalic vesicle

Question 15

Thalamus

Answer 15

contains anterior/medial/lateral nuclei groups
lateral group involved with processing sensory info

IT IS A SENSORY RELAY STATION ALL SENSORY SENSATION MUST GO THROUGH HERE FIRST

Question 16

Hypothalamus

Answer 16

below thalamus and separated by hypothalamic sulcus

main visceral control centre and overall homeostasis

Question 17

Function of:
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

Answer 17

frontal - motor function + intellect
parietal - somatosensory
temporal - hearing and smell
occipital - vision

Question 18

Frontal Lobe - Area 4

Answer 18

pre-central gyrus, primary motor cortex

Question 19

Frontal Lobe - Area 44,45

Answer 19

Inferior frontal gyrus

Broca’s area of motor speech

Question 20

Frontal Lobe - Area 6,8

Answer 20

Prefrontal cortex

cognitive functions of higher order, intellect, judgement, prediction and planning

Question 21

Parietal Lobe

Answer 21

post-central gyrus area 3,1,2

primary sensory area

Question 22

Temporal lobe function

Answer 22

hearing spoken word, smell

primary auditory cortex area 41,42

Question 23

Occipital lobe

Answer 23

primary visual cortex - area 17

visual association cortex - areas 18,19

Question 24

Language areas (2)?

Answer 24

Broca’s area is the motor speech area
Wernicke’s area is the auditory association area for recognition of spoken word

Broca’s aphasia - miss small words and aware of difficulty and one side paralysis
Wernicke’s aphasia - fluent speech with meaningless words and cant understand speech or know of mistakes with no paralysis

Question 25

3 types of myelinated fibres bundled into tracts?

Answer 25

commissural fibres
association fibres
projection fibres

Question 26

White matter: commissural fibres

Answer 26

connect corresponding areas of the two hemispheres (corpus collosum)

Question 27

White matter: association fibres

Answer 27

connect one part of the cortex to the other and may be long or short

Question 28

White matter: projection fibres

Answer 28

run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres and pass through the corona radiate and the internal capsule

Question 29

Internal capsule

Answer 29

the internal capsule is made up of projection fibres passing to and from the cerebral cortex - V shaped white capsule on specimen
derives blood supply from MCA and affected by stroke commonly