Eye Problems Flashcards
Conjunctivitis
bacterial or viral infection of the conjunctiva
no loss of vision unless spread to cornea
red watering eyes and discharge
epithelium of cornea?
stratified squamous non-keratinised
Glaucoma
raised intraocular pressure (IOP)
Open Angle Glaucoma
- asymptomatic over period of
- blurred vision
- TRIAD = raised IOP + visual field defect + optic disc changes
- eye drops to decrease pressure (Carbonic anhydrase), laser trabeculoplasty
Angle closure Glaucoma
- sudden onset, painful, blurred vision, headaches
- red eye, opaque cornea
- pupil mid dilated
- manage with IV carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, constrictor eye drops, steroids, Iridotomy
Ancillary tests (4)?
Amsler chart
Colour vision (optic nerve)
Visual field assessment
Optical coherence tomography
Sudden complete loss of vision (occlusions)
central retinal artery occlusion
- often embolus from carotid
- treat risk factors
central retinal vein occlusion
- treat risk factors
- Intravitreal anti Vegf
what does Intravitreal anti Vegf do?
blocks activity of vascular endothelial growth factor
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) main symptom?
symptoms are progressive loss of central vision
AMD signs?
distortion of amsler chart, drusen, pigment epithelium changes
Dry AMD management?
low vision aids
registration
Wet (neovascular) AMD?
choroidal new vessels
investigate with OCT
manager with intra-vitreal antiVegf, low vision aids & registration
What is acute anterior uveitis?
inflammation of the iris, ciliary body
signs of anterior uveitis?
pain watering photophobia blurred vision floaters
treatment for anterior uveitis?
topical steroids and dilating drops
Scleritis signs and treatment?
pain that radiates into socket, redness, tender
systemic steroids
Orbital cellulitis?
infection of orbital tissues
pain, redness, diplopia, malaise pyrexia
admit, IV antibiotics, CT and drain pus
