Memory & Cognition

Question 1

3 key components of learning and memory

Answer 1

hippocampus for the formation of memories

cortex for the storage of memories

thalamus which searches and accesses memories

Question 2

most primitive parts of cortex? (4)

Answer 2

hypothalamus
hippocampus
cingulate gyrus
amygdala

Question 3

what are primitive parts responsible for?

Answer 3

Instinctive behaviour such as thirst, sex, hunger and emotive behaviour

Question 4

which brain part assesses the significance of an event?

Answer 4

the frontal cortex

Question 5

what is very important for the formation of memories?

Answer 5

hippocampus

Question 6

consequence of hippocampal damage?

Answer 6

they have immediate memory and intact long term memory but unable to form new long term memories

reflexive memory remains intact

Question 7

4 memory types

Answer 7

immediate or sensory
short term memory
intermediate long-term memory
long term memory

Question 8

immediate or sensory memory

Answer 8

ability to hold experiences in the mind for a few seconds

visual memories decay the fastest

Question 9

short-term memory

Answer 9

seconds to hours
the working memory
short terms tasks
associated with reverberating circuits

Question 10

intermediate long-term memory

Answer 10

hours to weeks

associated with chemical adaptation at the presynaptic connections

Question 11

long-term memory

Answer 11

can be lifelong

associated with structural changes in synaptic connections

Question 12

what is short-term memory dependant upon?

Answer 12

reverberating circuits which need to be continually refreshed

Question 13

reverberating circuit course?

Answer 13

keeps the short term memory alive and if deemed significant this reverberating results in consolidation in long-term memory

Question 14

two types of amnesia?

Answer 14

anterograde

retrograde

Question 15

what is anterograde amnesia?

Answer 15

inability to recall events that happen after injury

Question 16

what does destruction of hippocampus result in?

Answer 16

permanent inability to form new memories

Question 17

what is retrograde amnesia?

Answer 17

inability to recall events leading up to injury but can recall events that happened a long time ago

Question 18

where does form, store and search occur?

Answer 18

form (hippocampus)
store (cerebrum)
search (thalamus)

Question 19

long term memory structural changes? (3)

Answer 19

increased NT release sites on presynaptic membrane
increase in number of NT vesicles stored and released
increase in number of presynaptic vesicles

Question 20

two main types of LTM?

Answer 20

Declarative/explicit memory

Procedural/Reflexive/Implicit

Question 21

Declarative/Explicit memory?

Answer 21

abstract memory for events (episodic) and for words, rules, languages (semantic) which relies heavily on hippocampus

Question 22

Procedural/Reflexive/Implicit memory?

Answer 22

acquired slowly through repetition and included motor memory for acquired motor skills

Question 23

which system gives events emotional significance?

Answer 23

the limbic system