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Semester 2 Ocular > Topography and vasculature B7 > Flashcards

Topography and vasculature B7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the first 3 cells of the visual pathway?

A

1st: Photoreceptors
2nd: Bipolar cells
3rd: Ganglion cells

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2
Q

Light energy is transformed into a neural signal

A

phototransuction

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3
Q

SIgnal is modified within the ______.

A

retina

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4
Q

The inner 9 layers are collectively referred to as the sensory or ________.

A

Neural retina

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5
Q

The outermost layer 10th is the ___.

A

RPE

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6
Q

What are the 10 layers

A 
ILM: inner limiting membrane
RNFL: retinal nerve fiber layer
RGCL: retinal ganglion cell layer
IPL: Inner plexiform layer
INL: Inner nuclear layer
OPL: outer plexiform layer (part of photoreceptor)
ONL: outer nuclear layer
ELM: external limiting membrane
PRL: photoreceptor layer (part of photoreceptor)
RPE: retinal
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7
Q

If it is outer retina it is dealing with what?

A

photoreceptors

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8
Q

If inner retina is what?

A

2nd order or 3rd order neurons distributing signal

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9
Q

Highest density of cone photoreceptors?

A

FOvea

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10
Q

S cones M cones L cones what wavelength is for what colors?

A 
Short= blue
Medium= green
Long= red
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11
Q

The role of the photoreceptor is to absorb light photons and convert them into an electrochemical event (nerve signal) through the process of ___________.

A

phototransduction

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12
Q

No ___ cones in center of fovea

A

S

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13
Q

There are no ______ in the fovea

A

rods

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14
Q

Rod photoreceptor morphology, how many? dim or bright? contain what pigment?

A

92-120 million
dim vision (scotopic)
All contain photopigment rhodopsin
Peak density is in a ring 4.5 mm outside fovea

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15
Q

Cell involved in processing, piggy backing

A

Amacrine cells

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16
Q

Radial glial cells of retina

A

Müller cell, provide structural support and buffering environment

17
Q

THese cells are found in retinal nerve fiber layer, wrap around vessels and give support.

A

Astrocytes

18
Q

IN glaucoma what cells star to die off because of the pressure?

A

REtinal ganglion cells

19
Q

Retinal thickness ranges from what to what?

A

80 um to 320 um
Fovea is 150- 200um
At equator 120-180 um
at ora serrata 80um

20
Q

Dentate processes of the ora serata are on what side of retina?

A

nasal, think serrated knife

21
Q

Dense population of cone receptors

Designed for color vision and fine detail discrimination

A

Central retina

22
Q

Dense population of rod photoreceptors

Designed for night vision and motion detection

A

Peripheral retina

23
Q

Dense packing of cones makes them appear rod like in structure are in what?

A

Foveola

24
Q

Cone inner fibers that are oriented obliquely within the fovea are called ___________.

A

Henle’s fiber layer (aka= outer plexiform layer)

25
Q

This extends 0.5 mm from foveal rim

Highest accululation of bipolar and retinal ganglion cells. Rod photoreceptors reach peak density

A

Parafovea

26
Q

1.5 mm from the parafoveal rim

Axons of Henle’s fiber layer resume their vertical orientation.

A

Perifovea

27
Q

Outer retina what do we think of?

A

photoreceptors

28
Q

10-20% have this artery, comes from ciliary vessels, and supplies macula.

A

Cilioretinal artery (supplies ganglion cells around macula)

29
Q

what is positioned more nasal, Central retinal artery or vein, CRA or CRV?

A

central retinal artery is more nasally

30
Q

The CRA loses its __________- upon entering the eye, which distinguishes it from muscular arteries of the same size found elsewhere in the body.

A

tunica elasticum

31
Q

Tunica elasticum is replaced by what?

A

tunica media

32
Q

____________ is the outermost layer of blood vessels and is thicker in veins.

A

Tunica adventitia

33
Q

At the very center of the fovea is what?

A

an avascular zone

Semester 2 Ocular (20 decks)

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