Autonomics

Question 1

Preganglionic neuron cell body is in the spinal cord from ____.

Answer 1

T1-L2

Question 2

The neurotransmitter of sympathetic autonomic nervous system is ___________.

Answer 2

norepinephrine

Question 3

Preganclionic nerve cell body is located in the ___________ or sacral spinal cord.

Answer 3

brainstem

Question 4

Postganglionic cell body is in a ganglion near the ____________. Postganglionic fibers are short

Answer 4

target organ

Question 5

Neurotransmitter released from parasympathetic autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

Acetylcholine

Question 6

ocular structures innervated by autonomic nervous system.

Answer 6

Iris muscles. Iris sphincter and iris dilator
Ciliary muscle
Smooth muscles of the eyelids: Müllers muscle
Choroidal and conjunctival blood vessels
Lacrimal gland

Question 7

Sympathetic pathway number 1

Answer 7

Sympathetic fibers travel with ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve from the cavernous sinus into the orbit. Then follow the nasociliary nerve and travel with long ciliary nerves to innervate the iris dilator and ciliary muscle.

Question 8

Sympathetic pathway #2

Answer 8

Follow same route to nasociliary nerve then branch to ciliary ganglion without synapsing as sympathetic root. enter globe as short ciliary nerves to innervate the choroidal blood vessels.

Question 9

Sympathetic pathway #3

Answer 9

Other fibers from the carotid plexus join the oculomotor nerve and travel with it into the orbit. Following the same path as the superior division of the oculomotor nerve. To innervate the muscle of the upper eyelid (Müllers muscle).

Question 10

Sympathetic stimulation does what 4 things:

Answer 10

Activates iris dilator
Causes vasoconstriction of the choroidal and conjunctival vessels
Widens palpebral fissure by stimulating smooth muscle of eyelids.
Sympathetic nerves also are a small inhibitory effect on the ciliary muscle.

Question 11

3 ways of sympathetic stimulation

Answer 11

nasociliary nerve
sympathetic root
superior branch of oculomotor

Question 12

know autonomics of the lacrimal gland…

Answer 12

Lacrimal nucleus->Facial->Greater petrosal->Vidian’s nerve->Pterygopalatine gang-> Maxillary->Zygomatic->Lacrimal->Lacrimal gland

Question 13

Parasympathetic fibers that innervate the lacrimal gland and cause _____________ secretion.

Answer 13

increased

Question 14

The sympathetic fibers innervate the blood vessels of the gland and causes _________ production of lacrimal gland secretion.

Answer 14

decreased

Question 15

Corneal touch initiates the 3 part corneal reflex of:

Answer 15

Lacrimation
Miosis
Protective blink