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Korean > TOPIK grammar > Flashcards

TOPIK grammar Flashcards

1
Q

gt it takes … (khoang thoi gian)

A

V + (으)ㄴ 지 N (Time)이/가 or 오래 되다/ 넘다/ 지나다

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2
Q

It’s been awhile since I saw my friend.

A

친구를 만난 지 오래 됐어요

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3
Q

It’s been three hours since I had my meal

A

밥 먹은 지(가) 3 시간 됐어요.

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4
Q

gt just as it is : nhu; nguyen (hoi khac 는대로 )

A 
V + ㄴ/은 채(로) + ....hanh dong lien tiep (cau 1 va cau 2 co lien quan)
# 는대로 (do as...)
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5
Q

I spent three hours (while) sitting in the car. (3 tieng ngoi yen tren xe)

A

차 속에 앉은 채로 3시간을 보냈다.

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6
Q

Do as your older brother tells you.

A

형이 시키는 대로 해라.

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7
Q

gt it looks like = 듯하다

A

V. + ㄴ/은/는/ㄹ/을 모양이다

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8
Q

It looks as though someone called.

A

누가 전화를 건 모양이다.

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9
Q

gt as if (nhu the)

A

-ㄴ 듯하다; -ㄹ 듯하다; -는 듯하다

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10
Q

the children who seemed to relax ..

A

기를 펴는 듯한 아이들

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11
Q

gt instead of doing / and instead (2 usages)

A

-(으)ㄴ/는 대신(에)

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12
Q

Instead of answering that person i canceled the call

A

그 사람은 대답을 하는 대신에 전화를 끊었다

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13
Q

I will by the tickets and instead you but dinner)

A

제가 표를 사는 대신에 저녁을 사 주세요

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14
Q

gt : Because; since.

A

Adjective/Verb + (으)니

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15
Q

gt hope (hi vong)/ strongly request (mang tinh menh lenh) = 해 주세요/

A

V. + 기를 바라다 / V + 해 주기 바랍니다 (authority meaning reduced)

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16
Q

I pray your business will do well.

A

사업이 잘 되기를 바래요.

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17
Q

pls keep along with you your inportant things

A

중요한 물건은 본인이 따로 보관하시기 바랍니다

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18
Q

gt while doing …

A

~며 (in written) = ~면서 (in spoken)

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19
Q

gt elegant (than thien)

A

여/ batchim + 이여

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20
Q

Oh dear friends!

A

친구여

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21
Q

owning to = 로인해(서);

A

gt N+ 로 하여(서) # V + 하여

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22
Q

As/because I love flowers;; I often went to the garden.

A

꽃을 사랑하여 정원에 자주 갔다

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23
Q

if you want… # while

A

gt V + 려면 # 면서

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24
Q

I should” or “I must.”

A

-(어/아)야지

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25
Q

I should eat now

A

밥 먹어야지

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26
Q

in addition

A

gt V. + ㄴ/은/는 데다가

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27
Q

The prices have gone up; in addition the exchange rate has also gone up.

A

물가가 오른 데다가 환율도 올랐다

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28
Q

become (tro nen)

A

gt 하게 되고

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29
Q

(formal writing)

A

gt (V +ㄴ다 or V batchim +는다 / adj + 다 (same) / 갔다/ 춥겠다

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30
Q

because (academic writing; in research; article)

A

gt V. + (으)므로

N. + (이)므로

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31
Q

or (whoever; whenever…)

A

gt 든지 = 거나 (dung 2 lan 1 cau ok)
Question word + (이)든지/
Question word + V. + 든지

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32
Q

my bro eats everything

/ any amount

A

동생은 무엇이든지 잘 먹습니다.

/ 얼마든지

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33
Q

Work hard at whatever you study.

A

무엇을 배우든지 열심히 해야 돼

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34
Q

it’s expected (do la dieu binh thuong)

A

gt V. + 게 마련이다

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35
Q

(grammar) (topik) tro nen (get to / become)

A

Verb + 게 되다 # Noun + 이/가 되다 (become…)

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36
Q

make SO do sthing

A

GT V. + 게 하다/만들다

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37
Q

I am sorry that I made you wait

A

기다리게 해서 죄송해요.

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38
Q

as much as (bang voi)/

A

gt N. + 만큼 /

V. + 는(present) 은/는/(past) ㄹ/을 (future)+ 만큼

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39
Q

they says (SO says) -다고 해요/합니다
-라고 해요/합니다;
–냐고 해요/합니다;
and 자고 해요/합니다

A

gt -대요;
-래요; -(으)래요;
-냬요;
and 재요

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40
Q

in the middle of doing sthing

A

gt A.V. + 는 중(에)

N. + 중(에)

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41
Q

on the other hand (mat khac ) 2 cau co the both positive or negative

A

gt -adj/ past + (으)ㄴ/ V + 는 반면에

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42
Q

(That house is expensive; but the surrounding environment doesn’t look very good).

A

그 집은 비싼 데 반해 주변 환경은 별로 안 좋은 것 같습니다.

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43
Q

while one is at it/doing it

A

gt (special) adj + thi qua khu) + ㄴ/은/ (thu tuong lai) + 는 김에

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44
Q

as what I thought (xem nhu la) ….

A

gt V no batchim + ㄴ /

batchim + 은/ 는 셈이다

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45
Q

iam planning (du tinh -nhung chuyen gan)

A

gt adj + ㄹ/을 셈이다

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46
Q

toi nho ra la …

A

gt V. + 더라 (casual) < -던데요 (formal)

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47
Q

too sau to truoc (기에

A

gt V +기에는 (너무) A;

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48
Q

Too expensive to buy

A

사기에는 너무 비싸다

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49
Q

There is no reason why…(ko co ly do j - ko tin vao cau noi phia truoc)

A

Adjective/Verb + (으)ㄹ 리가 없다

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50
Q

ko co ly do j ma a ko biet viec do

A

니가 그것을 몰랐을리 없어.

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51
Q

sourvernir which can be recalled easily to seoul (vat ki niem va de dang goi nho den seoul)

A

서울을 쉽게 떠올릴 수 있는 기념품

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52
Q

submit

A

제출하다

53
Q

applicable time (thoi han tham gia)

A

접수 기간

54
Q

for more information

A

자세한 내용

55
Q

for more information; pls refer to homepage

A

자세한 내용은 홈페이지를 참고하세요

56
Q

can visit city hall and apply

A

시청에 방문해 접수하면 됩니다

57
Q

gt what

A

지 (special: 미친 건지 ) adj + 은지 / V + 는지/ 려는지 (what going to …)/ future: 을지

58
Q 
gt ko dung cho ban than / chi noi ve nguoi khac (mo^ ta hien tuong) 
# and (reason - result ; hien tuong ; ket qua theo sau)
A 
Adj/V + 더니 
# -았/었/였더니 (and) 
# similar 에길래 (서 = 니까)
59
Q

gt I saw that …so…(nghieng ve huong quyet dinh cua ban than dua vao nhung j da thay)

A

V + 길래 = 어서 or 니까

60
Q

gt du (though…)

A

아/어도 = 아/어봐야 (해도 = 해 봐야)

61
Q

while one is at it/doing it / nhan luc/ nhan tien A.V. + ㄴ/은/는 김에

A

N. phrase or clause + 을/를 시키다

62
Q

it’s the same

A

V + (으)ㄴ/는 셈이다 = 마찬가지예요

63
Q

indeed

A

N + -(이)야 말로

64
Q

this guy indeed is the one who who nothing (a ta that su la nguoi chang biet j ca)

A

이 사람이야말로 알 수 없는 사람이다

65
Q

at least

A

N + (이)라도

66
Q

tham chi ko (not even that)

A

N + -는/은커녕 or V + -기는커녕 (ve sau thuong la 못 hay 안)

67
Q

chi co

A

N + (이)나마 or V + (으)나마

68
Q

among / to (doi voi)

A

N + 치고

69
Q

da … (bay jo ko con nua)

A

V/ Adj + 아/어 었어요

70
Q

chi hien tuong

A

V / adj + 어 있다

71
Q

pairs - places

A

켤레 - 군데

72
Q

gt “make (someone) do . . . “ / “to order” (dat hang)

A

N. phrase or clause + 을/를 시키다

73
Q

Let’s order pizza for one and spaghetti for tw

A

피자 일인분하고 스파게티 이인분을 시키자.

74
Q

Don’t make me talk in the classroom

A

교실에서 말 시키지 마.

75
Q

gt thinking about (do)ing

A

V+(으)ㄹ까 하다 < V+(으)려고 하다 (stronger)

76
Q

if just do …

A

V + 는/ adj or past + 은/ㄴ + 대로만 하다

77
Q

decided to do …(mostly past tense)

A 
V +기로 했어요
V +기로 정했어요 (quyet dinh)
V +기로 약속했어요 (promise)
V +기로 결심했어요 (quyet tam)
V +기로 마음 먹었어요
78
Q

gt even # not even that (커녕)

A

N+마저 <– N +조차 (negative)

79
Q

gt strong indicate 에

A

에다(가) nhan manh= 에

80
Q

gt from

A

(으)로부터 honorific form > 에게서 formal > 한테서 informal.

81
Q

gt from time to time

/ used to

A

Adj/ V + 곤 하다

Adj/ V + 곤 했다

82
Q

gt of cource (hien nhien la)

A

~(으)ㄴ/는 법이다

83
Q

of coure that the more money you have; the more you want

A

돈은 가지면 가질수록 더 갖고 싶은 법이에요

84
Q

gt that was to perfect / right that…

A

기가/ 기는ㅍ 십상이었다

85
Q

bi danh vao dau la dung (bunch into the head)

A

머리를 쥐어박히기가 십상이었다

86
Q

want

A

갖고 싶다 (pop) > 원하다

87
Q

ended up (cuoi cung cung…)

A

V + 고 말았다

88
Q

his mother also ended up dying

A

그의 어머니 또한 죽고 말았다

89
Q

go hand in hand Appearance seems sweet dieu bo ngot ngao)

A

손을 잡고 가는 모습이 다정해 보인다

90
Q 
like .... / as 
# as soon as 
# as it is
A

N. + 대로
V. + ㄴ/은/는/ㄹ/을 대로
# Adj / V. + 는 대로
# 그대로

91
Q

teacher; Please choose as you like.

A

선생님 마음대로 정하세요.

92
Q

let’s go out as soon as you change your clothes

A

옷을 갈아입는 대로 나가자

93
Q

whether to do it or not (du co lam j di nua…)

A

A.V. + (으)나 마나
= 아무래도 (in any case)
= 어쨌든

94
Q

Whenever do…

or as long as V (chi khi…)

A

V+기만 하면

= 을 때마다

95
Q
  1. (grammar) all you have to do is …
A

V + 기만 하면 되다

96
Q

just (want to do…)

A

을/ㄹ 뿐이다

or ~었을 뿐이다

97
Q

(grammar) (topik) tro nen (get to / become)

A

Verb + 게 되다 # Noun + 이/가 되다 (become…)

98
Q
  1. (grammar) (topik) the more … the more / emphasis
A

V + ㄹ/을수록 or V +(으)면 + same V+ㄹ/을 수록

99
Q
  1. (grammar) try to do sthing / have SO do sthing
A

V + 도록하다 (해요/ 하세요)

100
Q
  1. (grammar) after = ㄴ/은 후에 = 아/어서
A

V + 아/ 어 가지고

101
Q
  1. (grammar)(special) thanks to + N / thanks to Ving
A

N. + 덕택에 or 덕분에 / V. + no batchim ㄴ(준)/batchim +은/ 있는 덕택에 or 덕분에

102
Q
  1. (grammar) so (; do do nen
A

V. + ㄹ/을 테니(까)

103
Q

(grammar) (topik) thinking about (do)ing

A

V+(으)ㄹ까 하다 < V+(으)려고 하다 (stronger)

104
Q

(grammar) irregular

A

ㅂ + ㄴ –> bo ㅂ thanh 우: 운

105
Q

(grammar) pronunciation

A

ㄱ + ㄴ —> ㅇ + ㄴ

106
Q
  1. (grammar) (topik) it seems = V/ adj/ N -(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다 = V. + ㄴ/은/는/ㄹ/을 모양이다
A

(present) V + ㄴ/은 가 봐요/ adj + 나 봐요/ N + ㄴ/인가 봐요 / (past) V + 었/았나 봐요/ (future) V + ㄹ / 을 건나 봐요

107
Q
  1. (grammar) quite
A

V + 는 편이다 / adj + 은/ㄴ 편이다

108
Q
  1. (grammar) j chu (an nhieu nhu heo; an nhieu j chu; co mot chen com ma
A

V + 다니요
Vpast + 다니요
N + (이) 라니요(라뇨)
Vemotional + (느)ㄴ/는 다니요

109
Q

4041.(grammar) vi co le (future assumption) # vi … (past or current)

A

-(으)ㄹ 테니까 # -(으)ㄴ/는데

110
Q
  1. (grammar) after doing …; I found that
A

V + 아/어 보니(까); + phrase 2

111
Q
  1. (grammar)
A

adj + 게 = adv/ V + 게 = 도록 (de co the/ de cho) (noi trinh trong)

112
Q
  1. (grammar) (topik) notice < hoi giong 보이다 : nhin tan mat roi noi>
A

V + 는구나 / 군요 adj + 구나 N + (이)구나 / 군요

113
Q
  1. (grammar) as; because (only V - boi vi mai me..nen/ bad result; always past tense)
A

V + 느라고

114
Q
  1. (grammar) because = due to (negative context; bien minh cho ket qua tich cuc)
A

A.V. + 는 바람에

115
Q

because (neu ly do/ hoan canh xay ra ket qua tieu cuc)

A

은/는 탓에 or -는 탓이다

= 응/는 통에 = 는 바람에

116
Q
  1. (grammar) (topik) voi V : in order to (good reason)
    voi N : for the benifit of
    # 때문에/ 어서 (bad or good reason)
A

V. + 기 위해(서) or V. +기 위하여
N. + 을/를 위해(서) or N. + 을/를 위하여
N을/를 위한 + N

117
Q 
3266. (grammar) (ket qua xau) vi mai me ... nen ... (only with V) 
# 므로 (since; academic)
A 
V +느라고 
# V + 아/어 서 (or 기때문에 - the same)
118
Q

gt : Because; since.

A

Adjective/Verb + (으)니

119
Q
  1. (grammar) because of (only N; academic)
    = 때 문에 (beginner)
    # (으) 므로 (V and adj)
A

Noun + (으)로 인해서…

120
Q
  1. (grammar) since / because (in speech and academic) # 때문에 (normal speaking)
A

V/adj + (으) 므로 / N + (이)므로

121
Q
  1. (grammar) if only/ gia ma
A

V only + ㄹ/을 걸 그랬어요

122
Q
  1. (grammar) (topik) cam than
A

군요 (hoa ra la …/ qua khu ko biet dieu nay) = 네요 (cam than) # 기는요 (no way; phan doi)

123
Q
  1. (grammar) used to - da tung
A

V/adj + 던 or V / adj + 았/었 던 or V/adj + 던 + N

124
Q
  1. (grammar) all you have to do is …
A

V + 기만 하면 되다

125
Q
  1. (pop) “All you have to do is just tell me.”
A

나한테 말하기만 하면 돼.

126
Q
  1. (grammar) according to
A

N + 따라

127
Q
  1. ( grammar)(topik) not only… but also…
A

은/는데다가 = N뿐만 아니라 N도

128
Q

The prices have gone up; and the exchange rate has also gone up

A

물가가 오른 데다가 환율도 올랐다

129
Q

i spilled the coffee because you hit my arm

A

네가 내 팔을 치는 통에 커피를 엎질렀다

Korean (17 decks)

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