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AP US History > Topics 6.2-6.5 > Flashcards

Topics 6.2-6.5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Transcontinental railroad

A

A continuous rail line constructed between Nebraska and California, connecting the east and west coast to allow for easy travel

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2
Q

Great Plains

A

A huge, dry region in the center of North America, where Natives primarily lived

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3
Q

Great American Desert

A

The term applied to the land west of the Missouri River and east of the Rocky Mountains

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4
Q

100th Meridian

A

An imaginary line running from the Dakotas to Texas that separated the wet East from the dry East

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5
Q

Vaqueros

A

Skilled riders who herded cattle on ranches in Mexico, California, and the Southwest

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6
Q

Cattle drives

A

The forced migration of massive numbers of cattle to the railroads, where they could be shipped to the East

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7
Q

Homestead Act of 1862

A

A federal law promoting westward expansion by alloting 160 acres of free public land to settlers

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8
Q

Dry farming

A

A method used by farmers in the Plains to conserve moisture by reducing runoff and evaporation, thereby increasing soil absorption and retention of moisture

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9
Q

Deflation

A

An increase in the value of money in relation to avaliable goods, causing prices to fall

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10
Q

Middlemen

A

In trading systems, those who operate between the original producer of goods and the retail merchants who sell to consumers

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11
Q

National Grange Movement

A

A group of agarian organizations that worked to increase the political and economic power of farmers

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12
Q

Granger laws

A

Legislation to regulate rising fare prices of railroad and grain elevator companies after the Civil War

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13
Q

Munn v. Illinois (1877)

A

Upheld the Granger laws, allowing states to regulate certain businesses within their borders

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14
Q

Ocala Platform

A

Supported direct election of senators, lowering tariff rates, a gradual income tax, and a new banking system regulated by the federal government

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15
Q

“The Significance of the Frontier in American History” (1883)

A

A book published by Frederick Jackson Turner that claimed the frontier established liberty by releasing Americans from European mindsets and ending prior customs of the 19th century

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16
Q

Battle of Little Bighorn (1876)

A
  • Colonel Custer marched his men deep into Sioux Territory to stop an uprising due to his claim to gold in the Black Hills
  • 2500 Sioux warriors stopped and killed Custer and his army
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17
Q

Ghost Dance Movement

A

The last effort of Native Americans to resist US encroachment onto their lands, displayed through a religious movement

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18
Q

Assimilationists

A

Americans motivated to help Natives adapt into American society by giving them a formal education and converting them to Christianity

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19
Q

Helen Hunt Jackson

A

Author of “A Century of Dishonor” exposing the US government’s many broken promises to the Natives

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20
Q

Dawes Act of 1887

A

Divided communal tribal land into lots to be owned by individual Natives, subject to taxation once owned

21
Q

Indian Reorganization Act (1934)

A

Decreased government control over Native affairs

22
Q

Santa Fe Trail

A

A trail that extands from Missouri to New Mexico that was an important route for settlers moving west

23
Q

Forest Reserve Act of 1891

A

Intended to protect some 172 million acres of timberland from deforestation

24
Q

Forest Management Act of 1897

A

Gave the president the power to establish forest reserves to protect watersheds against lumbering, overgrazing, and forest fires

25
Q

Conservationists

A

Advocates of preserving natural resources

26
Q

Preservationists

A

Advocates of protecting nature from humans

27
Q

Sierra Club

A

An organization founded in 1892 dedicated to the enjoyment and preservation of mountains and wilderness environments

28
Q

New South

A

The shift in the South from an agarian society to an industrialized economy after the Civil War

29
Q

Henry Grady

A

The editor of the Atlanta Constitution and a strong proponent of an industrialized South

30
Q

Tenant farmers

A

Farmers who rented land and shared a portion of the crop with the landowner

31
Q

George Washington Carver

A

Ex-slave who founded, taught, and did research at the Tuskegee Institute

32
Q

White supremacists

A

People who believed in the supremacy of the white race

33
Q

Civil Rights Cases of 1883

A

5 cases involving the Civil Rights Act of 1875 that allowed states to permit private discrimination by looking the other way

34
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

A

Permitted separate but equal facilities and legal segregation of the races

35
Q

Jim Crow laws

A

Any state or local law that enforced racial segregation

36
Q

Literacy tests

A

A test given as a precondition for voting, often to prevent blacks from voting

37
Q

Poll taxes

A

A required fee before voting

38
Q

Grandfather clause

A

People could vote if their ancestor voted before 1867, allowing ineligible voters to vote

39
Q

Lynch mobs

A

Killings of blacks by white mobs for supposed crimes or for angering whites

40
Q

Ida B. Wells

A

Black journalist who advocated against lynching

41
Q

International Migration Society

A

A group that advocated for moving blacks back to Africa

42
Q

Atlanta Compromise

A

Black and white southerners shared the responsibility of making their region prosper

43
Q

Transatlantic cable

A

An undersea cable running under the Atlantic Ocean for telegraph communication, connecting continents

44
Q

Telephone

A

Alexander Graham Bell’s invention that revolutionized instant communication for businesses and people

45
Q

Kodak camera

A

Allowed people to take pictures and freeze a moment in time

46
Q

Thomas Edison

A

Inventor of the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb in Menlo Park, NJ

47
Q

Subways

A

A transportation system that could transport people to urban residences even farther from the city’s commercial center

48
Q

Skyscraper

A

Tall, steel-framed buildings that originated in Chicago and dominated cities

AP US History (10 decks)

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