Topics 4.6-4.8 Flashcards
New cities
At key transportation points, small towns like Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, Cincinnatti, and St. Louis grew into thriving cities after 1820
Urban life
The rapid population growth in cities, leading to crowded living, diseases, and crime
Industrial Revolution
The rapid change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production
Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842)
“Peaceful unions” had the right to negotiate labor contracts with employers
Ten-hour workday
Laws passed in the North limiting the hours industrial workers could work per day to ten
Common man
The “average” American citizen, whose concerns are represented in government
Universal white male suffrage
Allowed all free white males to vote and hold office without previous land or religious requirements
Party-nominating convention
The new method of selecting candidates for political office, in which voters and party members gather at a convention to select their nominee
“King Caucus”
A closed-door meeting of a political party’s leaders in Congress
Popular election of president
Allowed voters to choose a state’s slate of presidential electors
Anti-Masonic Party
A 19th century minor political party
Workingmen’s Party
A 19th century minor political party
Popular campaigning
Directing campaigns to the issues of the common people
Spoils system
President Jackson’s system of giving government jobs to political supporters, regardless of their qualifications or experience
Rotation in office
The removal of officeholders of the rival party on democratic grounds
Indian Removal Act (1830)
Forced the resettlement of thousands of Native Americans
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
Cherokees were not a foreign nation with the right to sue in a federal court
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
The laws of Georgia had no force within the Cherokee nation
Trail of Tears
The relocation of Cherokees in Georgia which resulted in 4,000 deaths
Bank of the United States
Privately owned but received federal deposits and managed the nation’s economy; opposed by Jackson
“Pet banks”
The various state banks that received the drained federal funds from the national bank
Specie circular
Required that all future federal land purchases be made in specie (gold and silver)
Panic of 1837
A severe financial crisis caused by falling demand for cotton and Jackson’s economic actions
John Quincy Adams
The winner of the election of 1824, after being selected by the House of Representatives
“Corrupt bargain”
The term coined by Jacksonians after Adams won the presidency in 1824, due to Clay convincing the House to vote for Adams
Tariff of Abominations (1828)
Tariffs intended to protect the economy from foreign competition; highly contested by the South
Revolution of 1828
Jackson’s win over Adams for presidency, using mudslinging tactics as platforms
Peggy Eaton affair
A social scandal where many cabinet members’ wives snubbed Peggy Eaton; when Jackson sided with her, most of his cabinet resigned
Nullification crisis
Resulted over the Tariff of 1828, after many states nullified it due to deeming it unconstitutional
Proclamation to the People of South Carolina
Jackson’s statement that declared nullification and disunion as grounds for treason
Democrats
Emerged from the Democratic-Republican Party; led by Jackson
Whigs
Resembled the Federalist Party; led by Clay
“Log cabin and hard cider” campaign
William Henry Harrison’s campaign that portrayed him as a humble hero, compared to the aristocratic Van Buren
