Topics 5.8-5.11 Flashcards
Battle of Bull Run
First major battle of the Civil War
Anaconda Plan
Proposed by Winfield Scott, which emphasized the blockade of Southern ports and a call for an advance down the Mississippi River which would cut the South in two
Battle of Antietam
The first major battle of the Civil War on Northern soil
Battle of Shiloh
A battle in Tennessee that gave the Union control over the Mississippi River
Battle of Vicksburg
A battle where the Union gained control over Mississippi, cutting Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas off from the Confederacy
Battle of Gettysburg
A battle that crippled the Confederacy so terribly, they were unable to offensively attack again
Sherman’s March
A march of destruction across Georgia to deprive the Confederacy of war materials and to break the will of the Southern people by burning towns and plantations
Trent affair
A Union ship stopped a British mail streamer, the Trent, and forcibly removed two Confederate diplomats bound for Europe to ask for support
Homestead Act (1862)
Settlers moving into western territories could claim 160 acres of public land if they committed to farming on the land for 5 years
Habeas corpus
A legal writ that forces government officials to justify their arrest and detention of an individual
Confiscation Acts (1861)
Allowed the federal government to seize property, including slave property, used to support the Confederate rebellion
Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
Issued by Lincoln, it freed slaves in Confederate states
Copperheads
A faction of Democrats who opposed the Civil War and wanted an immediate peace settlement
13th Amendment
Prohibited slavery and indentured servitude, except in prisons
Civil Rights Act (1866)
First US federal law to define citizenship and affirmed that all citizens were equally protected under the law
14th Amendment
Granted black Americans citizenship, as well as equal protection and due process of law
15th Amendment
Prohibited any government from denying its citizens the right to vote based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”
Civil Rights Act (1875)
Guaranteed black Americans equal treatment in public accomodations, public transportation, and jury duty
Wade-Davis Bill
Proposed by Radical Republicans Benjamin Wade and Henry Winter Davis, the bill declared that Reconstruction of the South was a legislative, not an executive, matter
Andrew Johnson
17th president, who succeeded Lincoln and was the first president to be impeached
Freedmen’s Bureau
Aided newly emancipated slaves by providing food, clothing, education, medical care, and legal support
Tenure of Office Act (1867)
Restricted the power of the president to remove certain office-holders without the Senate’s consent
Scalawags
A derogatory name used by Southerns for Southern whites who supported Reconstruction
Carpetbaggers
Northerners who moved to the South after the war, sometimes with all their possessions in a carpetbag, during Reconstruction for supposed economic prosperity
Blanche K. Bruce
The first elected black American Senator to serve a full-term, representing Missouri as a Republican
Hiram Revels
The first black American to serve in the Senate
Redeemers
Largely former slave owners who were the bitterest opponents against the Republican programs in the South
Compromise of 1877
Settled the dispute of the Election of 1876 by electing Hayes and removing Republican support in the South (federal troops)
Ku Klux Klan
A white supremacy terrorist organization that emerged during Reconstruction
Force Acts (1870)
Passed by Congress in response to the Ku Klux Klan and the rise of violent white supremacy organizations
Black codes
Groups of restrictions placed upon black Americans by Southern state legislatures
Sharecropping
A system of agriculture where a landowner allows a tenant to use their land, in return for a share of the crop produced
Amnesty Act (1872)
Permitted former Confederate leaders to hold office again
