topics 4 + 5 musculoskeletal system Flashcards
when is movement made possible?
when muscles contract/shorten and pull on the bones to which they are attached too
how are muscles attached to bones?
tendons
define antagonists pairs:
One muscle of the pair contracts to move the body part, the other muscle in the pair then contracts to return the body part back to the original position.
what is the Reciprocal Inhabitation process?
when one muscle contracts, it’s “partner” must relax and stretch to allow the bones to move.
the relaxation of muscles on one side of a joint to accommodate contraction on the other side
explain origin
the end of the muscle attached to stationary bone
explain insertion
end of muscle thats attached to moveable bone
explain belly
the fleshy portion between the tendons of the origin and insertion
explain flexor
when it contracts it causes a joint to bend
explain extensor
when it contracts it causes a joint to straighten
what is the Agonist
the muscle causing movement by contracting
what is the synergists
helps the agonist by producing the same movement or immobilise one part of the body
list the functions of the skeletal system
-provides a scaffold to support the weight of the body
-acts as sites of muscle attachment that enables movement to occur
- protects the vital organs
- important storage for ions
-the bone marrow within the bone produces blood cells and other blood elements
define Axial Skeleton
All bones around central axis of the body
define Appendicular Skeleton
consists of bones of upper limbs, or arms and lower limbs or legs
what are the five types of bones and short definition
Long bones - support weight and allow movement
Flat bones- protect internal organs
irregular bones- variable shapes helps to protect different structures
short bones- provide stability and movement in hands and feet
sesamoid bones- protect tendons
explain Diaphysis
bone shaft (hallow cylinder of compact bone)
strength/ weight bearing of the bone.
contains yellow marrow- for fat storage
explain Epiphyses (bone ends)
enlarged ends of bones
contain red marrow for blood cell production
compact bone on outside, spongy bone on inside.
explain Periosteum
outer surface of bone consisting of dense, white, fibrous covering
explain Articular cartilage
thin cover over each epiphysis, allows for bones to slide smoothly over one another
explain Epiphyseal line
line made of hyaline cartilage that becomes bone at puberty. Allows for growth of bones.
