topic 6 + 7 musculoskeletal system

Question 1

what type of tissue is bone

Answer 1

connective tissue

Question 2

what makes bones hard and rigid?

Answer 2

all CT are made of cells that are separated by matrix
in bones inorganic salts are deposited in the matrix

Question 3

compact bones are made of tiny units called …

Answer 3

osteons

Question 4

in each osteon there is:

Answer 4

central canal-
lamellae
lacunae
Osteocytes
Canaliculi

Question 5

define spongy bone

Answer 5

is not organised in osteons
it is made up of thin irregular plates called trabeculae

Question 6

similarities between spongy and compact bone

Answer 6

both found in bone
both contain osteocytes trapped in Lacunae
both contain non cellular matrix

Question 7

compact bone differences to spongy

Answer 7

-highly organised in cellular structure
- contains yellow bone marrow in medullary cavity
- mainly found in the diaphysis
function- strength and weight bearing

Question 8

spongy bone differences to compact

Answer 8

• more randomised structure with arrangement of trabeculae
  -contains red bone marrow between trabeculae
  -mainly found in epiphysis
  function- production of blood cells

Question 9

what proteins do cartilage contain

Answer 9

collagen

Question 10

define chondrin

Answer 10

is the firm matrix that collagen fibres are emmbeded in

Question 11

cartilage cells are called…

Answer 11

chondrocytes

Question 12

explain chondroblasts to chondrocytes

Answer 12

chondroblasts (immature cells) gradully produc matriz until they are surrounded by it and are trapped ina small space (Lacuna). then cells are mature and called chondrocytes

Question 13

define perichondrium

Answer 13

fibrous membrane of connective tissue that covers the external surface of cartilage

Question 14

where does the blood supply for cartilage come from

Answer 14

comes from blood vessels located in the inner layer of the perichondrium

matrix does not contain blood vessels

Question 15

why does it take a long time for cartilage to heal?

Answer 15

because there are no blood vessels in the matrix so nutrition and waste removal depends on the diffusion from the pericondrium and through matrix

Question 16

what are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 16

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 17

explain hyaline cartilage

Answer 17

fibres so fine and closely packed that they are not visible, gives this type strength and flexibility

found at ends of bones (articular cartilage), trachea, bronchi and between ribs

Question 18

explain elastic cartilage

Answer 18

contains collagen fibres but are thicker and not closely packed as well as elastic fibres

elastic fibres allow it to be felxible but return to original shape after stretching.

Question 19

explain Fibrous cartilage

Answer 19

thick, parallel bundles of collagen, but not close together, so it can be compressed

good for areas that support bbody weight and need to withstand high pressue