topic 8 + 9 musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

define joint

A

the site at which 2 or more bones come together

some are rigid, some allow for lots of movement

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2
Q

types of joints

A
  1. fibrous or fixed joints
  2. cartilaginous or slightly moveable joints
  3. synovial or free moveable joints
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3
Q

define fibrous joints

A

no movement occurs between bones
bones held in place by fibrous connective tissue
very difficult to damage- more likely to fracture bone before the joint will give way

eg. skull, teeth, jaw

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4
Q

define cartilaginous joints

A

bones are held in place by fibrocartilage- which allows for slight movement to occur
eg. between ribs and sternum

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5
Q

define Synovial joints

A

amount of movement is limited by ligaments, muscles, tendons and adjoining bones.

eg. shoulder, elbow, knee

this type of joint is most easily damaged because of high degree of movement that can occur
-ligaments, tendons and muscle can be torn.

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6
Q

what are the 6 types of Synovial Joints

A

ball and socket
hinge joints
pivot joints
gliding joints
saddle joints
condyloid joint

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7
Q

define ball and socket

A

one bone= spherical head
other bone= cup like cavity
rotational- almost 360 degree movement
femur/pelvic joints

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8
Q

define hinge joints

A

one bone= convex
other=concave
movement is one plane- like opening a door

eg elbow and knee

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9
Q

define pivot joints

A

twisting movement
one bone= pointed end
other bone= forms part of a ring
eg neck (1st and 2nd vertebra)

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10
Q

define gliding joints

A

movement is in any direction
-side to side
-back and forth
-restricted only by ligaments or bony process that surround joint

eg. between scapula and clavicle

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11
Q

define saddle joint

A

eg thumb and hand
both bones= saddle shaped
fit together to allow side-side and back-forth movement

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12
Q

define condyloid joint

A

one bone slightly convex
other slightly concave
but both are almost flat
movement side-side and back forth

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13
Q

why are freely moving joints called synovial joints?

A

because they have a space (synovial cavity) between the articulating surfaces which essentially lubricates the joint so it moves smoothly

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14
Q

parts of synovial joints:

Articular Capsule

A

surrounds and encloses the joint. the capsule is composed of 2 layers. (fibrous capsule and synovial membrane)

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15
Q

fibrous capsule

A

principle structure for holding bones together
- dense fibrous CT, attached to each bone
- flexible to permit movement, strong to prevent dislocation

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16
Q

synovial membrane

A

the inner layer of the capsule
-loose CT, well supplied with capillaries
-lines entire joint cavity except the articular cartilages

17
Q

parts of synovial joint:

synovial fluid

A

secreted by the synovial membrane, filling the synovial cavity

-lubricates joints
-provides nourishment for cells in the articular cartilage
-contains phagocytic cells that remove microorganisms

18
Q

parts of synovial joint:

Articular Cartilage

A

covers articulating surfaces of the bone
-hyaline cartilage
- provides smooth surface for movement

19
Q

parts of synovial joint:

Articular Discs

A

occur in some synovial joints
eg. menisuc in knee
fibrocartilage runs through the middle of the synovial cavity - splitting it in half- providing extra cushioning for pressure and weight bearing

20
Q

parts of synovial joint:

Bursae

A

little sacs of synovial fluid
-positioned to prevent friction between bone and ligament/tendon

21
Q

parts of synovial joint:

ligament

A

holds bone together

22
Q

keeping the joint together:

A

factors that keep the articulating surfaces in contact are:
– the fit of articulating bones - curved shape that fits together
- strength of the ligaments
-tension provided by the surrounding muscle

23
Q

what role does synovial fluid play in an injury?

A

can be made to immobilise the joint = swelling and discomfort