Topic 9

Question 1

What is eutrophication?

Answer 1

An aquatic ecosystem response to unnatural levels of nutrients

Question 2

How does unnatural level of nutrients get into the water?

Answer 2

Fertiliser used by farmers runs into rivers and lakes

Question 3

What does the fertiliser increase?

Answer 3

The amount of plant growth

Question 4

What happens on the surface of the water?

Answer 4

Algae grows rapidly on the surface this is called eutrophication

Question 5

What does the algae cause?

Answer 5

Blockage of sunlight for the plants below the surface, causing them to die

Question 6

What does the feeding bacteria do?

Answer 6

They feed on the dead plant material, causing them to use up oxygen in the water. Makes the water anoxic

Question 7

What does anoxic water lead to?

Answer 7

Leads to the fish dying

Question 8

Organism definition

Answer 8

An individual animal,plant or single called life form

Question 9

Ecosystem definition

Answer 9

All organism ps and the environment which they live

Question 10

Factors affecting plant growth

Answer 10

Humans (trampling)
Soil pH
Mineral ions
Light intensity 
Temperature 
Water

Question 11

How is a belt transects used?

Answer 11

Used to measure the effect of abiotic factors on the distribution of organisms

Question 12

Advantages of using a belt transects

Answer 12

Gradual change in an environment factor across an environment can show how species abundance can change with it
The effect of the factor on the different plant species

Question 13

Disadvantages of using a belt transects

Answer 13

Species which do not fall on the line or in the belt may be missed and the sample would not be represented-underestimate in biodiversity

Question 14

Community definition

Answer 14

All the different living organisms that live and interact in an ecosystem

Question 15

Population definition

Answer 15

A group of one species living in a particular area

Question 16

Organisms definition

Answer 16

An individual animals,plant or single called organism

Question 17

Ecosystem definition

Answer 17

All organisms and the environment which they live in

Question 18

Interdependence definition

Answer 18

Describes how individuals species are dependent on each other for resources

Question 19

The role of the plant in the food chain

Answer 19

Primary produces (autotrophs)

Question 20

Role of animals in the ecosystem

Answer 20

Consumer (heterotrophs)

Question 21

How is the energy transferred in food chains

Answer 21

Death and decay- the vital nutrients are returned back to the ground

When one consumer eats another- the molecules and energy that made up the consumed animal is lost as heat or expelled such as Carbon dioxide or feces. The molecules are integrated into the animals biomass

Question 22

Abiotic factor

Answer 22

Non living factors

Light,temperature

Question 23

Biotic factors

Answer 23

Living factors (disease, competition)

Question 24

Main biotic factors

Answer 24

Availability of food- if it falls the number of organisms will fall
Arrival of a new predator-can cause the population of a prey species to fall
Competition- if a species is out competed the population will fall
Pathogens- infectious disease

Question 25

Main abiotic factors

Answer 25

Light intensity-photosynthesis rate will fall and plants will grow slower, the animals that feed in them may not have enough food Temperature-can cause the distribution of species to change Water pH and mineral content of soil-plants can’t grow in too acidic or too alkaline soil, plants need nitrates Wind direction/intensity- plants lose water C02 and 02- CO2 is needed for photosynthesis rate of reaction can decrease

Question 26

Parasite relationship

Answer 26

Organisms that love or or in a host organism. The parasite benefits the host doesn’t and may be harmed

Question 27

Mutualist relationship

Answer 27

Mutualism between two organisms of different species were both benefit

Question 28

Type of relationship for fleas

Answer 28

Parasitic Love in the fur and bedding of humans and animals They suck blood Host gains nothing, can cause infection

Question 29

Relationship of headlice

Answer 29

Parasitic Insects that live in the hair Feed on blood Host gains nothing,may have inching

Question 30

Relationship of a tapeworm

Answer 30

Parasitic Live inside another animal, hosts gut Absorb water and nutrients Host can suffer malnutrition

Question 31

Relationship of mistletoe

Answer 31

Parasitic Invades the bark, allowing it to absorb nutrients from the tree Causes deformities to the tree

Question 32

Relationship of oxpecker birds

Answer 32

Eats ticks and larvae off of the host- gets food | The host gets pest control, oxpecker warns of predators

Question 33

Relationship of a cleaner fish

Answer 33

Mutualistic removes dead skin & ectoparasites off lager fish Cleaner fish gets food and avoid being eaten by larger fish Host fish receives pest control

Question 34

Relationship of nitrogen fixing bacteria

Answer 34

Mutualistic Gets nitrates in the soil that plants need to grow Bacteria gets a constant supply of sugars

Question 35

Relationship of chemosynthetic bacteria in deep sea vents

Answer 35

Mutualistic Tube worms supply bacteria with chemicals Bacteria use the chemicals to synthesis food for themselves and their host

Question 36

Biodiversity definition

Answer 36

Variety off all different species of organisms on earth - important for ecosystems and maintain the environment

Question 37

Effect of humans on biodiversity

Answer 37

Negative effect | Eg p deforestation

Question 38

Ways of Preservation

Answer 38

Breeding programmes Wet lands-re flooding Field margins- striped of natural land between crops Governments p- energy laws p, natural parks preservation

Question 39

Water cycle

Answer 39

``` OCEAN Evaporation/transpiration Condensation Precipitation Surface run off OCEAN ```

Question 40

Importance if the water cycle

Answer 40

Need to stay hydrated Living things need water Recycled to prevent it running out