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Biology > Topic 9 > Flashcards

Topic 9 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is eutrophication?

A

An aquatic ecosystem response to unnatural levels of nutrients

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2
Q

How does unnatural level of nutrients get into the water?

A

Fertiliser used by farmers runs into rivers and lakes

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3
Q

What does the fertiliser increase?

A

The amount of plant growth

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4
Q

What happens on the surface of the water?

A

Algae grows rapidly on the surface this is called eutrophication

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5
Q

What does the algae cause?

A

Blockage of sunlight for the plants below the surface, causing them to die

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6
Q

What does the feeding bacteria do?

A

They feed on the dead plant material, causing them to use up oxygen in the water. Makes the water anoxic

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7
Q

What does anoxic water lead to?

A

Leads to the fish dying

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8
Q

Organism definition

A

An individual animal,plant or single called life form

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9
Q

Ecosystem definition

A

All organism ps and the environment which they live

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10
Q

Factors affecting plant growth

A 
Humans (trampling)
Soil pH
Mineral ions
Light intensity 
Temperature 
Water
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11
Q

How is a belt transects used?

A

Used to measure the effect of abiotic factors on the distribution of organisms

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12
Q

Advantages of using a belt transects

A

Gradual change in an environment factor across an environment can show how species abundance can change with it
The effect of the factor on the different plant species

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13
Q

Disadvantages of using a belt transects

A

Species which do not fall on the line or in the belt may be missed and the sample would not be represented-underestimate in biodiversity

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14
Q

Community definition

A

All the different living organisms that live and interact in an ecosystem

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15
Q

Population definition

A

A group of one species living in a particular area

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16
Q

Organisms definition

A

An individual animals,plant or single called organism

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17
Q

Ecosystem definition

A

All organisms and the environment which they live in

18
Q

Interdependence definition

A

Describes how individuals species are dependent on each other for resources

19
Q

The role of the plant in the food chain

A

Primary produces (autotrophs)

20
Q

Role of animals in the ecosystem

A

Consumer (heterotrophs)

21
Q

How is the energy transferred in food chains

A

Death and decay- the vital nutrients are returned back to the ground

When one consumer eats another- the molecules and energy that made up the consumed animal is lost as heat or expelled such as Carbon dioxide or feces. The molecules are integrated into the animals biomass

22
Q

Abiotic factor

A

Non living factors

Light,temperature

23
Q

Biotic factors

A

Living factors (disease, competition)

24
Q

Main biotic factors

A

Availability of food- if it falls the number of organisms will fall
Arrival of a new predator-can cause the population of a prey species to fall
Competition- if a species is out competed the population will fall
Pathogens- infectious disease

25
Q

Main abiotic factors

A

Light intensity-photosynthesis rate will fall and plants will grow slower, the animals that feed in them may not have enough food
Temperature-can cause the distribution of species to change
Water
pH and mineral content of soil-plants can’t grow in too acidic or too alkaline soil, plants need nitrates
Wind direction/intensity- plants lose water
C02 and 02- CO2 is needed for photosynthesis rate of reaction can decrease

26
Q

Parasite relationship

A

Organisms that love or or in a host organism. The parasite benefits the host doesn’t and may be harmed

27
Q

Mutualist relationship

A

Mutualism between two organisms of different species were both benefit

28
Q

Type of relationship for fleas

A

Parasitic
Love in the fur and bedding of humans and animals
They suck blood
Host gains nothing, can cause infection

29
Q

Relationship of headlice

A

Parasitic
Insects that live in the hair
Feed on blood
Host gains nothing,may have inching

30
Q

Relationship of a tapeworm

A

Parasitic
Live inside another animal, hosts gut
Absorb water and nutrients
Host can suffer malnutrition

31
Q

Relationship of mistletoe

A

Parasitic
Invades the bark, allowing it to absorb nutrients from the tree
Causes deformities to the tree

32
Q

Relationship of oxpecker birds

A

Eats ticks and larvae off of the host- gets food

The host gets pest control, oxpecker warns of predators

33
Q

Relationship of a cleaner fish

A

Mutualistic
removes dead skin & ectoparasites off lager fish
Cleaner fish gets food and avoid being eaten by larger fish
Host fish receives pest control

34
Q

Relationship of nitrogen fixing bacteria

A

Mutualistic
Gets nitrates in the soil that plants need to grow
Bacteria gets a constant supply of sugars

35
Q

Relationship of chemosynthetic bacteria in deep sea vents

A

Mutualistic
Tube worms supply bacteria with chemicals
Bacteria use the chemicals to synthesis food for themselves and their host

36
Q

Biodiversity definition

A

Variety off all different species of organisms on earth - important for ecosystems and maintain the environment

37
Q

Effect of humans on biodiversity

A

Negative effect

Eg p deforestation

38
Q

Ways of Preservation

A

Breeding programmes
Wet lands-re flooding
Field margins- striped of natural land between crops
Governments p- energy laws p, natural parks preservation

39
Q

Water cycle

A 
OCEAN
Evaporation/transpiration 
Condensation
Precipitation 
Surface run off
OCEAN
40
Q

Importance if the water cycle

A

Need to stay hydrated
Living things need water
Recycled to prevent it running out

Biology (7 decks)

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