Topic 5- Health,disease

Question 1

What is world health organisation

Answer 1

Responsible for coordinating ways to improve health globally

Question 2

Define health

Answer 2

A state of physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely in the absence if disease or infirmity

Question 3

Define communicable disease

Answer 3

Can be passed on from person to person may be caused by micro-organisms or pathogens into the body

Question 4

Define Non communicable disease

Answer 4

Cannot be passed on from person to person, may be caused by a problem in the body for example cystic fibrosis

Question 5

What type of pathogen is cholera

Answer 5

Bacteria

Question 6

Where is cholera spread

Answer 6

In contaminated water

Question 7

What are the symptoms of cholera

Answer 7

Diarrhoea

Question 8

Prevention of cholera

Answer 8

Access to clean water

Antibiotics

Question 9

What type of pathogen is tuberculosis

Answer 9

Bacteria

Question 10

What are the symptoms of tuberculosis

Answer 10

Coughing/lung damage

Question 11

Prevention of tuberculosis

Answer 11

Isolation

Good hygiene

Question 12

How is tuberculosis spread

Answer 12

Through the infected coughing and into the air

Question 13

What type of pathogen is malaria

Answer 13

Plasmodium

Question 14

Symptoms of malaria

Answer 14

Causes damage to the liver and red blood cells

Question 15

how is malaria spread

Answer 15

Mosquitos act as animal vectors

Question 16

Prevention of malaria

Answer 16

Mosquito nets

Insect repellant

Question 17

What type of pathogen is chalara ash dieback

Answer 17

Fungi

Question 18

Symptoms of chalara ash dieback

Answer 18

Leaf loss and bark lesions

Question 19

Prevention of chalara ash dieback

Answer 19

Restrict movement and remove infected

Question 20

Meaning of STI

Answer 20

Sexually transmitted infection, spread through sexual contact

Question 21

HIV meaning

Answer 21

Human immunodeficiency virus- virus meaning they have to infect a living cell to reproduce

Question 22

What occurs once a host gets HIV?

Answer 22

It’s affects and kills the white blood cells, which are part of the immune system

Question 23

What can HIV lead to

Answer 23

Can lead to aids because the person’s immune system eventually deteriorate and fails -due to aids the person becomes vulnerable to other pathogen s

Question 24

How is HIV spread

Answer 24

Through bodily fluids such as blood, semen and vaginal discharge

Question 25

Prevention of HIV

Answer 25

Condoms , abstinence, to sharing needles

Question 26

Type of pathogen is chlamydia

Answer 26

Bacteria

Question 27

Symptoms of chlamydia

Answer 27

Doesn’t have symptoms but can result in infertility

Question 28

Prevention and treatment

Answer 28

Condoms, antibiotics, abstinence

Question 29

Role of cilia in the immune system | What type of barrier?

Answer 29

Physical Barrier Found in the nose and tubes in the breathing system to move mucus along their surface area to move pathogens and dust out of the body.

Question 30

Role of mucus in the immune system? | What type of barrier

Answer 30

Physical barrier Made by cell linings Found at the opening to the body such as nose,mouth and vagina

Question 31

Role of skin in the immune system? | Type of barrier ?

Answer 31

Physical barrier Covers the body to prevent pathogens entering Can only pass through wounds or by animal vectors Contains glands that secrete substances onto the skin

Question 32

Role of lysozyme in the immune system | Type of barrier?

Answer 32

Chemical barrier Found in the tears,saliva, mucus Reacts with the pathogen to kill it or make it inactive Protects the thinner surfaces of the body

Question 33

Role of hydrochloric acid in the immune system? | Type of barrier?

Answer 33

Chemical barrier Acidity kills the pathogens Found in the stomach

Question 34

After a pathogen enters the body what is part 1 of the immune system?

Answer 34

The body immediately tries to kill it

Question 35

After a pathogen enters the body what is part 2 of the immune system?

Answer 35

The pathogen in the blood comes into contacts with LYMPHOCYTES Different lymphocytes have different shaped antibodies on the surface

Question 36

After a pathogen enters the body what is part 3 of the immune system?

Answer 36

Lymphocytes that have antibodies that match the antigens on the pathogens attach and become activated

Question 37

After a pathogen enters the body what is part 4 of the immune system?

Answer 37

Activated lymphocytes divide rapidly to produce many identical copies with the same antibodies

Question 38

After a pathogen enters the body what is part 5 of the immune system?

Answer 38

Some of the lymphocytes release antibodies into the blood

Question 39

After a pathogen enters the body what is part 6 of the immune system?

Answer 39

The antibodies attach to the pathogens and cause them to die

Question 40

After a pathogen enters the body what is part 7 of the immune system?

Answer 40

When the pathogens are dead a few memory lymphocytes remain in the blood

Question 41

What do lymphocytes actually do?

Answer 41

Makes it easier for phagocytes to find the pathogen Cause enzymes to split open the pathogens’s calls membrane Make pathogens stick together

Question 42

Journey of a phagocyte once a pathogen enters the body.

Answer 42

Phagocyte recognises it and starts to move towards it Phagocyte engulfs it Pathogen is destroyed using enzymes The harmless products leave the phagocyte

Question 43

Cardiovascular disease

Answer 43

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels

Question 44

Treating CV Disease 3 Types Advantages and disadvantages

Answer 44

``` Lifestyle change (a) cheap /no surgery/ no constant medicine (d) hard to do Lifelong medication (a) simple and effective /no risk (d)annoying to keep up Surgery a stent is inserted into a blood vessel (a) effective/makes clots less likely (d)risk/expensive ```

Question 45

Measures of obesity

Answer 45

Body mass index (BMI) = WEIGHT divided by height squared Hip to waist ratio