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Biology > Topic 5- Health,disease > Flashcards

Topic 5- Health,disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What is world health organisation

A

Responsible for coordinating ways to improve health globally

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2
Q

Define health

A

A state of physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely in the absence if disease or infirmity

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3
Q

Define communicable disease

A

Can be passed on from person to person may be caused by micro-organisms or pathogens into the body

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4
Q

Define Non communicable disease

A

Cannot be passed on from person to person, may be caused by a problem in the body for example cystic fibrosis

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5
Q

What type of pathogen is cholera

A

Bacteria

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6
Q

Where is cholera spread

A

In contaminated water

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of cholera

A

Diarrhoea

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8
Q

Prevention of cholera

A

Access to clean water

Antibiotics

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9
Q

What type of pathogen is tuberculosis

A

Bacteria

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of tuberculosis

A

Coughing/lung damage

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11
Q

Prevention of tuberculosis

A

Isolation

Good hygiene

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12
Q

How is tuberculosis spread

A

Through the infected coughing and into the air

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13
Q

What type of pathogen is malaria

A

Plasmodium

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14
Q

Symptoms of malaria

A

Causes damage to the liver and red blood cells

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15
Q

how is malaria spread

A

Mosquitos act as animal vectors

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16
Q

Prevention of malaria

A

Mosquito nets

Insect repellant

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17
Q

What type of pathogen is chalara ash dieback

A

Fungi

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18
Q

Symptoms of chalara ash dieback

A

Leaf loss and bark lesions

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19
Q

Prevention of chalara ash dieback

A

Restrict movement and remove infected

20
Q

Meaning of STI

A

Sexually transmitted infection, spread through sexual contact

21
Q

HIV meaning

A

Human immunodeficiency virus- virus meaning they have to infect a living cell to reproduce

22
Q

What occurs once a host gets HIV?

A

It’s affects and kills the white blood cells, which are part of the immune system

23
Q

What can HIV lead to

A

Can lead to aids because the person’s immune system eventually deteriorate and fails -due to aids the person becomes vulnerable to other pathogen s

24
Q

How is HIV spread

A

Through bodily fluids such as blood, semen and vaginal discharge

25
Q

Prevention of HIV

A

Condoms , abstinence, to sharing needles

26
Q

Type of pathogen is chlamydia

A

Bacteria

27
Q

Symptoms of chlamydia

A

Doesn’t have symptoms but can result in infertility

28
Q

Prevention and treatment

A

Condoms, antibiotics, abstinence

29
Q

Role of cilia in the immune system

What type of barrier?

A

Physical Barrier
Found in the nose and tubes in the breathing system to move mucus along their surface area to move pathogens and dust out of the body.

30
Q

Role of mucus in the immune system?

What type of barrier

A

Physical barrier
Made by cell linings
Found at the opening to the body such as nose,mouth and vagina

31
Q

Role of skin in the immune system?

Type of barrier ?

A

Physical barrier
Covers the body to prevent pathogens entering
Can only pass through wounds or by animal vectors
Contains glands that secrete substances onto the skin

32
Q

Role of lysozyme in the immune system

Type of barrier?

A

Chemical barrier
Found in the tears,saliva, mucus
Reacts with the pathogen to kill it or make it inactive
Protects the thinner surfaces of the body

33
Q

Role of hydrochloric acid in the immune system?

Type of barrier?

A

Chemical barrier
Acidity kills the pathogens
Found in the stomach

34
Q

After a pathogen enters the body what is part 1 of the immune system?

A

The body immediately tries to kill it

35
Q

After a pathogen enters the body what is part 2 of the immune system?

A

The pathogen in the blood comes into contacts with LYMPHOCYTES
Different lymphocytes have different shaped antibodies on the surface

36
Q

After a pathogen enters the body what is part 3 of the immune system?

A

Lymphocytes that have antibodies that match the antigens on the pathogens attach and become activated

37
Q

After a pathogen enters the body what is part 4 of the immune system?

A

Activated lymphocytes divide rapidly to produce many identical copies with the same antibodies

38
Q

After a pathogen enters the body what is part 5 of the immune system?

A

Some of the lymphocytes release antibodies into the blood

39
Q

After a pathogen enters the body what is part 6 of the immune system?

A

The antibodies attach to the pathogens and cause them to die

40
Q

After a pathogen enters the body what is part 7 of the immune system?

A

When the pathogens are dead a few memory lymphocytes remain in the blood

41
Q

What do lymphocytes actually do?

A

Makes it easier for phagocytes to find the pathogen
Cause enzymes to split open the pathogens’s calls membrane
Make pathogens stick together

42
Q

Journey of a phagocyte once a pathogen enters the body.

A

Phagocyte recognises it and starts to move towards it
Phagocyte engulfs it
Pathogen is destroyed using enzymes
The harmless products leave the phagocyte

43
Q

Cardiovascular disease

A

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels

44
Q

Treating CV Disease
3 Types
Advantages and disadvantages

A 
Lifestyle change (a) cheap /no surgery/ no constant medicine (d) hard to do
Lifelong medication (a) simple and effective /no risk (d)annoying to keep up 
Surgery a stent is inserted into a blood vessel (a) effective/makes clots less likely (d)risk/expensive
45
Q

Measures of obesity

A

Body mass index (BMI) = WEIGHT divided by height squared

Hip to waist ratio

Biology (7 decks)

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