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Biology > Topic 6 > Flashcards

Topic 6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Photosynthesis equation

WORD

A

Carbon dioxide + water ➡️ oxygen + glucose

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2
Q

Photosynthesis equation

SYMBOL

A

6CO2 + 6H2O ➡️ 602 + C6H12O6

666

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3
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

A chemical reaction in which the products ( glucose & oxygen) have more energy than the reactants (carbon dioxide & water)
ENDOTHERMIC REACTION - TAKES IN ENERGY

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4
Q

How do plants absorb sunlight

A

Using chlorophyll found in the chloroplast of their leaves

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5
Q

Limiting factors

A

Temperature
Carbon dioxide
Light intensity

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6
Q

Effect of temperature

A

As it increase the rate of photosynthesis increases until it reaches its optimum and then decreases again-denature

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7
Q

How does temperature effect the rate of reaction

A

It increase the rate if chemical reactions because the particles have more kinetic energy
When the optimum temperature is reached the active site changes and it denatures causing the rate to decrease

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8
Q

Effect of carbon dioxide concentration

A

As it increases so does the concentration until it reaches a maximum rate

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9
Q

How does carbon dioxide concentration effect the rate of reaction

A

It increase because carbon dioxide is a raw material needed in photosynthesis the rate increase until another factor begins to limit the rate such as amount of chlorophyll

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10
Q

Effect of light intensity

A

without light a plant cannot grow it allows photosynthesis to occur until a maximum rate when a another factor begins to limit

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11
Q

Diffusion definition

A

The PASSIVE movement of molecules from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration ( down the concentration gradient)
No energy required

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12
Q

Osmosis definition

A

PASSIVE movement of WATER molecules from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration ( down the concentration gradient)
Through a partially permeable membrane

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13
Q

Active transport definition

A

Movement of molecules from an area of LOW concentration to an area of HIGH concentration ( against the concentration gradient)
Requires ENERGY from respiration

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14
Q

How is water lost from plants

A

Through the leave surface area -known as transpiration

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15
Q

How does water enter the plant

A

Through the root hair cells in the roots

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16
Q

Adaptations of a root hair cell

A

Long finger like end- to increase the surface area and allow more minerals to be reached for the plant
Hairs along the surface to increase the surface area
Absorb water and dissolved minerals mor effectively
No chloroplast - no light = no photosynthesis

17
Q

Adaptations of the xylem

A
  • thick walls containing lignin- provide support for the plant BUT causes the xylem to die
  • no nucleus,cytoplasms,vacuole or chloroplast makes it easier for water and minerals to flow through
  • tiny pores allow water and mineral ions to enter and leave the xylem
  • lack of cells between the cells means water flow isn’t slowed down
18
Q

Function of the phloem

A

Carries dissolved sugars up and down the plant (taken to growing tissue)

19
Q

Adaptations of the phloem

A

No nucleus and limited cytoplasm

Sieve plates

20
Q

What are the companion cells in the phloem

A

Mitochondria in them provide energy to the phloem vessel cell

21
Q

Order of translocation

A

1) Starch is made by photosynthesis in chloroplast
2) Starch is broken down when it’s dark, products of breakdown are moved into the cytoplasm of the cells
3) Products of starch are used to mask sucrose (soluble sugar)
4) Sucrose is moved via active transport into the companion cells
5) Together the companion and sieve cells form the PHLOEM. The pumping of sucrose into sieve cells causes a pressure difference, which causes the contents to move either up or down

22
Q

Adaptations of the companion cells and sieve cells

USED IN TRANSLOCATION

A

1) Companion cells have many mitochondria, release energy. Have small pores between the and sieve cells, pump sucrose into sieve cells
2) Sieve cells have no nucleus and small amounts if cytoplasm in order to make the central channel wide for easy flow of liquids

23
Q

Adaptation of leaves for gas exchange

A

Cells in the spongy mesophyll are loosley packed and covered by a thin film of water
Tiny pores called STOMATA, in the surface area of the leaf

24
Q

Role of the stomata

A

Controls gas exchange in the leaf

Can be opened or closed in how turgid the guard cells are

25
Q

Function of guard cells

A

In light guard cells absorb water by osmosis, become turgid and the stomata opens
In the dark the guard cells lose water become flaccid and stomata closes

26
Q

When is diffusion of water vapour, oxygen and carbon dioxide into the leaf at its greatest

A

When the stomata are open

27
Q

Inverse square law

A

Double the distance the light intensity falls by 4 times

Biology (7 decks)

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