Topic 8 - Health, Human Rights and Intervention EQ3✅

Question 1

Outline the 4 methods of geopolitical intervention?

Answer 1

• development aid
• trade embargoes
• military aid
• military action

Question 2

Outline development aid as a geopolitical intervention?

Answer 2

• split into bilateral and multilateral aid (most financial aid is given by developed countries)

Bilateral aid - aid that is delivered on a one-to-one basis between a donor and a recipient country (usually for donors gain)

Multilateral aid - aid (usually financial, sometimes technical) given by donor countries to international aid organisations such as the World Bank or Oxfam who then choose how its distributed (fairer)

Question 3

Outline trade embargo’s as a geopolitical intervention?

Answer 3

Government or international ban which restricts trade with a particular country, a political tool used to encourage a country to change its policies by impacting its economy

• used in response to perceived threats to international security or to end humanitarian/human rights abuses (eg, embargo on oil and military supplies to SA to end apartheid)
• often put in place by IGOs supported by their member states (may prohibit all trade or certain items - eg weapons/military arms)

Question 4

Outline military aid as a geopolitical intervention?

Answer 4

• consists of money, weapons, equipment or expertise given to a developing country to help them protect their borders, fight terrorism or combat drugs/piracy)
• US provided lots of aid to middles east eg Israel (3.1 bill) Egypt (1.3 bill) and Jordan (300 mill) in order to protect US interests and security

Question 5

Outline military action as a geopolitical intervention?

Answer 5

• considered a last resort after all approaches have failed - takes 2 forms direct or indirect (may be taken at the request of a country concerned or to protect people from their own country - eg Serbia)

direct - involves air strikes or troops on the ground (eg 2003 coalition of countries against Iraq and the government of Saddam Hussein)

Indirect - provide military and political assistance (eg training troops to help them combat militant groups)

Question 6

1.7

Question 7

Outline the intervention approach by the IGO - world bank?

Answer 7

• originated as a facilitator of post-war reconstruction and development
• committed to the alleviation of poverty - vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world
• 123 member countries

Question 8

Outline the intervention approach by the IGO - United Nations education, scientific and cultural organisation (UNESCO)?

Answer 8

• purpose is to contribute to peace and security - promotes international collaboration through education, science and culture to further universal respect for justice
• involved with promoting human rights - and fundamental freedom
• promotes worlds culture and natural heritage
• 195 members

Question 9

Outline the intervention approach by the NGO - doctors without boarders/médicins sans frontières?

Answer 9

• belief all people have right to medical care, regardless of race, religion or political stance
• provides healthcare and medical training in 70 countries - has a reputation for providing emergency aid in conflict zones
• remains independent of any economic, political or religious influences

Question 10

A.7

Question 11

Explain why there are differences in the validity of interventions - give 4 reasons?

Answer 11

• different perspectives or aims amongst different groups
• the perceived ‘real’ reason for the intervention (is it to help or for self interest)
• concerns over disregard for national sovereignty
• disagreements over wether the intervention if proportionate to the issue

Question 12

Outline the intervention approach by the NGO - amnesty international?

Answer 12

• founded in uk - focused on investigation and exposure global of human right abuses
• takes on governments and major companies
• ensures the UDHR is fully implemented + provides education and training to ensure people are aware of their rights

Question 13

What is national sovereignty - how does it clash with responsibility to protect?

Answer 13

Fundamental principle of international law - basically means intervention can only be authorised by that state/region not by outside players

• contrasted to instances of governments abusing people through genocide,torture and improvement - argument for ‘responsibility to protect’ principle - makes it clear hat sovereignty of countries has limits (rights of people placed first?

Question 14

Explain the controversy surrounding arms deals - use the UK as an example?

Answer 14

Developed countries export military goods to other regions (eg UK exports billions to Saudi Arabia through weapons, bombs and missiles)

• Saudi Arabias strikes on Yemen created worlds largest humanitarian catastrophe with breaches of international humanitarian law
• licences include up to 8.6 billion

Question 15

8.7

Question 16

8.7