Topic 8- Genome sequencing projects Flashcards
Define genome
All of the genes within an organism
What does genome sequencing aim to understand of?
gene function and interaction
How do genome projects work?
by collecting DNA samples from many individuals of a species. These DNA samples are then sequenced and compared to create a reference genome
Why is more than one individual used to create a reference genome?
One organism may have anomalies/mutations in their DNA sequence that are atypical of the species
Describe some features of the human genome project
-began in 1990 as an international, collaborative research programme
-publicly funded (so no bias from private funding bodies)
-DNA samples were taken from multiple people around the world, sequenced and used to create a reference genome
- over 3 billion base pairs long but contained only about 25,000 genes- this was much less than expected
What has information from the HGP been used for?
-to tackle human health issues with the end goal of finding cures for diseases
-identification of potential antigens for use in vaccine production.
What correlation has been found as a result of the HGP?
a correlation between changes in specific genes and the likelihood of developing certain inherited diseases (such as cancer or Alzheimers disease)
What does determining the genome of simpiler organisms allow for?
the sequences of the proteins that derive from the genetic code (the proteome) of the organism to be determined
The presence of what has lead to knowledge that the genome cannot easily be translated into the proteome?
-non-coding DNA
-regulatory genes
Sequencing methods are continuously 1.____and have become 2._____
1.updated
2.automated
What is DNA sequencing?
-Process of determining the order of nucletide bases (A,T,G,C) in a molecule of DNA
