Topic 8 - Exchange and Transport in Animals

Question 1

All organisms must

Answer 1

Take in substances from environment and get rid of waste products

Question 2

Most common substances that are transported

Answer 2

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, dissolved food molecules, mineral ions, urea

Question 3

How easy it is for an organism to exchange substances with the environment depends on its

Answer 3

Surface are to volume ratio(SA:V)

Question 4

The SA:V ratio is bigger when

Answer 4

The organism is smaller

Question 5

Multicellular organisms need exchange surfaces because

Answer 5

They are too large to diffuse all the substances needed through their outside surface.

Question 6

Alveoli are adapted for gas exchange by

Answer 6

A mosit lining for dissolving gases
A good blood supply
Very thin walls
Enourmous surface area

Question 7

3 factors affecting rate of diffusion

Answer 7

Surface area
Concentration gradient
Diffusion distance

Question 8

Ficks law is

Answer 8

A proportionality that shows how rate of diffusion is linked to the 3 factors

Question 9

Ficks law states that: Rate of diffusion ∝

Answer 9

Surface area x Concentration difference / Thickness of membrane

Question 10

4 main parts of blood

Answer 10

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma

Question 11

Red blood cells function

Answer 11

Carry oxygen in the blood

Question 12

Red blood cells structure

Answer 12

Haemoglobin containing iron
Biconcave disc
No nucleus

Question 13

2 types of white blood cells

Answer 13

Phagocytes
Lymphocytes

Question 14

Phagocyte function

Answer 14

Change shape to engulf microorganisms(phagocytosis)

Question 15

Lymphocyte function

Answer 15

Produce anitbodies that identify microorganisms by their antigens

Question 16

Platelets function

Answer 16

Help blood clot at a wound

Question 17

Platelet structure

Answer 17

Small fragments of cells with no nucleus

Question 18

Plasma function

Answer 18

Carries:
Blood cells and platelets
Nutrients
CO2
Urea
Hormones
Proteins
Antibodies

Question 19

Plasma structure

Answer 19

pale straw-coloured liquid

Question 20

Arteries function

Answer 20

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 21

Veins function

Answer 21

Carry blood towards heart

Question 22

Capillaries function

Answer 22

Connect arteries and veins, and exchange materials at tissues

Question 23

Arteries structure

Answer 23

Strong elastic walls
Small lumen
Thick layers of muscle in walls

Question 24

Capillaries structure

Answer 24

Very narrow to fit between cells
Permeable walls
One cell thick walls

Question 25

Veins structure

Answer 25

Thinner walls Bigger lumen Valves to prevent backflow

Question 26

Mammals circulatory system

Answer 26

Double circulatory system

Question 27

Journey through heart

Answer 27

Deoxygenated blood via vena cava into right atrium Through valve into right ventricle Through pulmonary artery to lungs Oxygenated blood from lungs via pulmonary vein into left atrium Through valve into left ventricle Out of heart to rest of body via aorta

Question 28

Stroke volume is

Answer 28

The amount of blood pumped in one beat

Question 29

Heart rate is

Answer 29

The amount the heart beats in a minute

Question 30

Cardiac output(cm^3/min)

Answer 30

Heart rate x Stroke volume

Question 31

Respiration is

Answer 31

An exothermic reaction that occurs continuously in all living cells to release energy

Question 32

Energy from respiration is used for

Answer 32

Metabolic processes Contracting muscles Maintaining steady body pressure

Question 33

2 types of respiration

Answer 33

Aerobic and anaerobic

Question 34

Aerobic respiration is

Answer 34

Respiration using oxygen

Question 35

Aerobic oxygen equation:

Answer 35

Glucose(C6H12O6) + Oxygen(6O2) ---> Carbon dioxide(6CO2) + Water(6H2O)

Question 36

Anaerobic respiration is

Answer 36

Respiration with no oxygen

Question 37

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals

Answer 37

Glucose ---> lactic acid

Question 38

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants

Answer 38

Glucose ---> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 39

Investigating respiration process

Answer 39

Add soda lime granules to two test tubes. This absorbs CO2. Ball of cotton wool placed above soda lime in each tube. Woodilce placed on top of cotton wool in one tube, beads placed in other as control Set up respirometer Leave in 15*C water bath for set period of time The volume of air in the woodlice tube reduces, so the liquid in the respirometer moves towards the woodlice tube Distance moved can be used to calculate rate of respiration