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Biology Edexcel > Topic 3 - Genetics > Flashcards

Topic 3 - Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

Meiosis

A

A type of cell division that doesnt produce identical cells

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2
Q

Asexual reproduction mainly uses

A

Mitosis

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3
Q

Sexual reprodction mainly uses

A

Meiosis

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4
Q

Asexual reproduction advantages

A

Produce a lot of offspring quickly
Only one parent is needed

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5
Q

Asexual reproduction disadvantages

A

No genetic variation, therefore no adaptation to environment
Can spread disease due to this

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6
Q

Sexual reproduction advantages

A

Genetic variation
Leading to natural selection and evolution

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7
Q

Sexual reproduction disadvantages

A

More time and energy needed
Two parents are needed

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8
Q

How many daughter cells does meiosis produce

A

4

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9
Q

DNA strands are made up of

A

repeating units called nucleotides

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10
Q

DNA strands are

A

Polymers

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11
Q

A nucleotide consists of

A

Sugar and phospate groups that make the backbone fo a strand, and a base.

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12
Q

The sugar and phosphate

A

Alternate

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13
Q

The sugar is joined with 1 of 4

A

Bases

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14
Q

What are the 4 bases

A

A- adenine
T - Thymine
C - Cytosine
G - Guanine

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15
Q

A base

A

Adenine

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16
Q

T base

A

Thymine

17
Q

C base

A

Cytosine

18
Q

G base

A

Guanine

19
Q

A DNA molecule has a coil of

A

2 strands in a double helix

20
Q

Bases that link together

A

A - T
C - G

21
Q

The linking of bases is called

A

Complementary base pairing

22
Q

The base pairs are joined by

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

23
Q

Chromosomes

A

Long coiled up molecules of DNA

24
Q

A gene is

A

A section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a particular protein

25
Q

The genome

A

All of an organisms DNA

26
Q

What are the steps of extracting DNA from strawberries

A

1) Mash them and put in a beaker of a detergent and salt solution. Mix
The salt makes the DNA stick together
The detergent breaks down the cell membranes to release DNA.
2)Filter the mixture to get the froth and large pieces of cell out.
3)Add ice-cold alcohol
4)The DNA will appear as a stringy white precipitate as its not suluble in cold alcohol.

27
Q

Proteins are made by

A

Reading the code in DNA

28
Q

Each different protein has its own

A

Number and order of amino acids

29
Q

Proteins are all different shapes because

A

The amino acids fold up in different ways

30
Q

Each amino acid is coded for by a sequence of

A

3 bases

31
Q

A sequence of 3 bases is called

A

A base triplet

32
Q

the order of amino acids is the same as the order of

A

Base triplets in DNA.

33
Q
A

Biology Edexcel (9 decks)

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