Topic 8 - Exchange and Transport in animals Flashcards
What do we mean when we talk about the concentration of a substance?
The amount of substance in a certain volume
What’s diffusion
The process when particles move from a place of greater concentration to lower concentration
In diffusion, do particles move up or down a concentration gradient?
Down
For what process in the body do we need oxygen?
Aerobic respiration
What gases are exchanged in the lungs
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
What molecule is used to carry oxygen to the red blood cells?
Haemoglobin
what’s units would be used for surface area?
Cm squared
Units for volume
Cm cubed
A cells surface area is: 24cm squared and volume is: 8cm cubed.
What’s the surface area of surface area : volume
3 : 1
How are lungs adapted to efficient gas exchange?
Large surface area/alveoli
What gas is transported into the blood using gas exchange?
Oxygen
How are alveoli adapted to their function?
Large surface area & thin walls
For what process does the body need glucose?
Respiration
By what transport method do carbon dioxide molecules move from the blood to the lungs?
Diffusion
Cubes volume: 1000cm cubed, surface area: 600cm squared.
Ratio of surface area : volume
3:5
How is the concentration gradient of oxygen between the inside and the outside of a capillary maintained?
By the flow of blood
Concentration units
G/cm cubed
Which organ excretes carbon dioxide in humans?
Lungs
Where does carbon dioxide excretion occur?
Alveoli
Why do alveoli have walls that are only one cell thick?
To increase the rate of diffusion
Which organ excretes urea in humans?
Kidneys
Does diffusion happen up or down a concentration gradient?
Down
What are the smallest blood vessels in the body called?
Capillaries
What is the name of the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
What’s the function of the erythrocyte?
To carry oxygen
Which blood vessels take blood away from the heart
Arteries
Which blood vessels have thick, elastic walls?
Arteries
Which blood vessels contain valves?
Veins
Which blood cells are adapted to carry oxygen
Red blood cells
Which blood cells engulf and digest cells
Phagocytes
Which component of the blood carries urea?
Plasma
What helps to push blood along veins in the legs?
Skeletal muscles
How many chambers does a human heart have?
Four
What happens when blood is prevented from reaching the heart muscle?
Heart attack
What are the lower chambers of the heart called?
Ventricles
What stops blood flowing the wrong way into the heart?
Valves
Which side of the heart has the thicker muscle walls
Left side
What parts of the body does the right side of the heart supply with blood?
Lungs
Which blood vessel carries blood to the left atrium from the lungs?
Pulmonary vein
What type of blood does the pulmonary vein carry
Deoxygenated
Why does heart rate increase during exercise?
Cells in the tissue need more oxygen/glucose
What element does aerobic respiration need that anaerobic respiration does not?
Oxygen
How do you work out cardiac output?
times the two numbers
What happens to energy in an exothermic reaction?
It is transferred to the surroundings.
