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Biology > Topic 8 - Exchange and Transport in animals > Flashcards

Topic 8 - Exchange and Transport in animals Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do we mean when we talk about the concentration of a substance?

A

The amount of substance in a certain volume

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2
Q

What’s diffusion

A

The process when particles move from a place of greater concentration to lower concentration

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3
Q

In diffusion, do particles move up or down a concentration gradient?

A

Down

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4
Q

For what process in the body do we need oxygen?

A

Aerobic respiration

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5
Q

What gases are exchanged in the lungs

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

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6
Q

What molecule is used to carry oxygen to the red blood cells?

A

Haemoglobin

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7
Q

what’s units would be used for surface area?

A

Cm squared

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8
Q

Units for volume

A

Cm cubed

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9
Q

A cells surface area is: 24cm squared and volume is: 8cm cubed.
What’s the surface area of surface area : volume

A

3 : 1

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10
Q

How are lungs adapted to efficient gas exchange?

A

Large surface area/alveoli

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11
Q

What gas is transported into the blood using gas exchange?

A

Oxygen

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12
Q

How are alveoli adapted to their function?

A

Large surface area & thin walls

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13
Q

For what process does the body need glucose?

A

Respiration

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14
Q

By what transport method do carbon dioxide molecules move from the blood to the lungs?

A

Diffusion

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15
Q

Cubes volume: 1000cm cubed, surface area: 600cm squared.

Ratio of surface area : volume

A

3:5

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16
Q

How is the concentration gradient of oxygen between the inside and the outside of a capillary maintained?

A

By the flow of blood

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17
Q

Concentration units

A

G/cm cubed

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18
Q

Which organ excretes carbon dioxide in humans?

A

Lungs

19
Q

Where does carbon dioxide excretion occur?

A

Alveoli

20
Q

Why do alveoli have walls that are only one cell thick?

A

To increase the rate of diffusion

21
Q

Which organ excretes urea in humans?

A

Kidneys

22
Q

Does diffusion happen up or down a concentration gradient?

A

Down

23
Q

What are the smallest blood vessels in the body called?

A

Capillaries

24
Q

What is the name of the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

25
Q

What’s the function of the erythrocyte?

A

To carry oxygen

26
Q

Which blood vessels take blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

27
Q

Which blood vessels have thick, elastic walls?

A

Arteries

28
Q

Which blood vessels contain valves?

A

Veins

29
Q

Which blood cells are adapted to carry oxygen

A

Red blood cells

30
Q

Which blood cells engulf and digest cells

A

Phagocytes

31
Q

Which component of the blood carries urea?

A

Plasma

32
Q

What helps to push blood along veins in the legs?

A

Skeletal muscles

33
Q

How many chambers does a human heart have?

A

Four

34
Q

What happens when blood is prevented from reaching the heart muscle?

A

Heart attack

35
Q

What are the lower chambers of the heart called?

A

Ventricles

36
Q

What stops blood flowing the wrong way into the heart?

A

Valves

37
Q

Which side of the heart has the thicker muscle walls

A

Left side

38
Q

What parts of the body does the right side of the heart supply with blood?

A

Lungs

39
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood to the left atrium from the lungs?

A

Pulmonary vein

40
Q

What type of blood does the pulmonary vein carry

A

Deoxygenated

41
Q

Why does heart rate increase during exercise?

A

Cells in the tissue need more oxygen/glucose

42
Q

What element does aerobic respiration need that anaerobic respiration does not?

A

Oxygen

43
Q

How do you work out cardiac output?

A

times the two numbers

44
Q

What happens to energy in an exothermic reaction?

A

It is transferred to the surroundings.

Biology (9 decks)

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