Topic 6 - Plant structure & their functions

Question 1

in a food chain, consumers eat other organisms. What word is used to describe organisms that make their own food?

Answer 1

producers

Question 2

what process do plants and algae use to make their own food?

Answer 2

photosynthesis

Question 3

in what sub-cellular part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 3

chloroplast

Question 4

what substance from the air do plant need for photosynthesis?

Answer 4

carbon dioxide

Question 5

what substance from the ground do plants need for photosynthesis?

Answer 5

water

Question 6

what organs do plants use to get water from the ground?

Answer 6

roots

Question 7

how are roots adapted to getting water quickly from the ground?

Answer 7

large surface area

root hair cells

Question 8

what energy-storing compound is made in photosynthesis?

Answer 8

glucose

Question 9

suggest one use for glucose in a plant

Answer 9

respiration, making other substances

Question 10

in what sub-cellular part of a plant cell does respiration occur?

Answer 10

mitochondria

Question 11

what product of photosynthesis is a gas at room temperature?

Answer 11

oxygen

Question 12

other then plants, what other group of organisms photosynthesise

Answer 12

algae

Question 13

what reactant in photosynthesis is a gas at room temperature?

Answer 13

carbon dioxide

Question 14

whats biomass?

Answer 14

all the materials that make up an organisms

Question 15

where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 15

chloroplasts

Question 16

where does all the energy originally come from in most food chains

Answer 16

the sun

Question 17

what polymer inside chloroplasts is made from glucose?

Answer 17

starch

Question 18

name the main sugar that is transported around most plants

Answer 18

sucrose

Question 19

how are most leaves adapted to only allow gas exchange during the day

Answer 19

stomata

Question 20

what do we mean by the ‘rate’ of photosynthesis

Answer 20

speed of reaction

Question 21

what do we call something that prevents a rate of reaction increasing?

Answer 21

limiting factor

Question 22

if light intensity is a limiting factor, what happens to the rate of photosynthesis when it is increased?

Answer 22

the rate increases

Question 23

when there is plenty of light and carbon dioxide, suggest one factor that could be limiting

Answer 23

temperature or water

Question 24

what happens to the rate of photosynthesis as a plant is moved further away from a light source?

Answer 24

it decreases

Question 25

what relationship is shown by a straight line through the points on a scatter graph?

Answer 25

linear relationship

Question 26

what sort of linear relationship is shown by a straight line through the origin?

Answer 26

direct proprtion

Question 27

what happens to plants if they dont get enough water to fill their cells?

Answer 27

they wilt

Question 28

what term is used to describe the amount of a substance in a certain unit volume?

Answer 28

concentration

Question 29

what is diffusion?

Answer 29

overall movement of particles from high to low concentration

Question 30

whats osmosis

Answer 30

overall movement of solvent particles from higher concentration to lower, through a partially permeable membrane

Question 31

what is the gradual change in concentration from one place to another called?

Answer 31

concentration gradient

Question 32

whats active transport?

Answer 32

process which cells use to transport substances against concentration gradient

Question 33

what adaptation do some root cells have in order to increase the amount of water they increase?

Answer 33

root hairs

Question 34

why do cells that use active transport often have a lot of mitochondria?

Answer 34

active transport needs a lot of energy

Question 35

what do plants need nitrate ions for?

Answer 35

making proteins

Question 36

through what vessels is water moved up the plant?

Answer 36

xylem vessels

Question 37

through what tissue are sugars transported around a plant?

Answer 37

phloem tissue

Question 38

what is the flow of water through a plant called?

Answer 38

transpiration

Question 39

in what vessels does water flow?

Answer 39

xylem vessels

Question 40

in what vessels are dissolved mineral ions carried?

Answer 40

xylem vessels

Question 41

what tissue is used for translocation?

Answer 41

phloem

Question 42

why do companion cells contain many mitochondria?

Answer 42

because they actively pump sucrose in and out of sieve tubes

Question 43

names of the two most common cells in phloem tissue

Answer 43

sieve tubes & companion cells

Question 44

which cells create the air spaces inside a leaf?

Answer 44

spongy cells

Question 45

what term describes trees that lose their leaves in winter?

Answer 45

deciduous

Question 46

in which tissue of a plant leaf does most photosynthesis occur?

Answer 46

palisade

Question 47

which tissue in a plant leaf consists of irregularly shaped cells that create air spaces?

Answer 47

sponge

Question 48

give one function of cuticle

Answer 48

to prevent microorganisms entering

Question 49

what cells control the opening and closing of the stomata?

Answer 49

guard cells

Question 50

explain why conifer trees have their stomata in pits

Answer 50

to trap water vapour and reduce water loss

Question 51

why is it an advantage for a plant root to grow downwards?

Answer 51

to reach water

Question 52

what plant hormones cause phototropism?

Answer 52

auxins

Question 53

what is a growth away from light called?

Answer 53

negative phototropism