Topic 6 - Plant structure & their functions Flashcards
in a food chain, consumers eat other organisms. What word is used to describe organisms that make their own food?
producers
what process do plants and algae use to make their own food?
photosynthesis
in what sub-cellular part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?
chloroplast
what substance from the air do plant need for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide
what substance from the ground do plants need for photosynthesis?
water
what organs do plants use to get water from the ground?
roots
how are roots adapted to getting water quickly from the ground?
large surface area
root hair cells
what energy-storing compound is made in photosynthesis?
glucose
suggest one use for glucose in a plant
respiration, making other substances
in what sub-cellular part of a plant cell does respiration occur?
mitochondria
what product of photosynthesis is a gas at room temperature?
oxygen
other then plants, what other group of organisms photosynthesise
algae
what reactant in photosynthesis is a gas at room temperature?
carbon dioxide
whats biomass?
all the materials that make up an organisms
where does photosynthesis occur?
chloroplasts
where does all the energy originally come from in most food chains
the sun
what polymer inside chloroplasts is made from glucose?
starch
name the main sugar that is transported around most plants
sucrose
how are most leaves adapted to only allow gas exchange during the day
stomata
what do we mean by the ‘rate’ of photosynthesis
speed of reaction
what do we call something that prevents a rate of reaction increasing?
limiting factor
if light intensity is a limiting factor, what happens to the rate of photosynthesis when it is increased?
the rate increases
when there is plenty of light and carbon dioxide, suggest one factor that could be limiting
temperature or water
what happens to the rate of photosynthesis as a plant is moved further away from a light source?
it decreases
what relationship is shown by a straight line through the points on a scatter graph?
linear relationship
what sort of linear relationship is shown by a straight line through the origin?
direct proprtion
what happens to plants if they dont get enough water to fill their cells?
they wilt
what term is used to describe the amount of a substance in a certain unit volume?
concentration
what is diffusion?
overall movement of particles from high to low concentration
whats osmosis
overall movement of solvent particles from higher concentration to lower, through a partially permeable membrane
what is the gradual change in concentration from one place to another called?
concentration gradient
whats active transport?
process which cells use to transport substances against concentration gradient
what adaptation do some root cells have in order to increase the amount of water they increase?
root hairs
why do cells that use active transport often have a lot of mitochondria?
active transport needs a lot of energy
what do plants need nitrate ions for?
making proteins
through what vessels is water moved up the plant?
xylem vessels
through what tissue are sugars transported around a plant?
phloem tissue
what is the flow of water through a plant called?
transpiration
in what vessels does water flow?
xylem vessels
in what vessels are dissolved mineral ions carried?
xylem vessels
what tissue is used for translocation?
phloem
why do companion cells contain many mitochondria?
because they actively pump sucrose in and out of sieve tubes
names of the two most common cells in phloem tissue
sieve tubes & companion cells
which cells create the air spaces inside a leaf?
spongy cells
what term describes trees that lose their leaves in winter?
deciduous
in which tissue of a plant leaf does most photosynthesis occur?
palisade
which tissue in a plant leaf consists of irregularly shaped cells that create air spaces?
sponge
give one function of cuticle
to prevent microorganisms entering
what cells control the opening and closing of the stomata?
guard cells
explain why conifer trees have their stomata in pits
to trap water vapour and reduce water loss
why is it an advantage for a plant root to grow downwards?
to reach water
what plant hormones cause phototropism?
auxins
what is a growth away from light called?
negative phototropism
