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Biology > Topic 1 - Key Concepts In Biology > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Key Concepts In Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does a microscope do?

A

Makes small objects appear larger

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2
Q

What part of a microscope do you look through?

A

eyepiece lens

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3
Q

Which part of a microscope do you use to get a clear image?

A

the focusing wheel

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4
Q

If an average height person in year 10 is magnified 600 times, how tall will they be compared to a building which is 828m tall?

A

same height: 828m

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5
Q

Order these in biggest-smallest: atom, animal cell, cell nucleus, muscle tissue, protein molecule, water molecule.

A

biggest: muscle tissue, animal cell, cell nucleus, protein molecule, water molecule, atom

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6
Q

A microscope has a x5 eyepiece lens and a x5 objective lens. What’s the total magnification?

A

5 x 5 = 25

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7
Q

A human hair has a width of 100 um but appears 20 mm wide in a photo. What’s the magnification in the photo?

A

200 x 20= 20,000

um:20,000 / 100 = 200

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8
Q

How many millimetres are there in a meter?

A

1000

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9
Q

What unit is 1000 times smaller then a mm?

A

micrometer, um

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10
Q

Nanometer symbol

A

nm

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11
Q

Whats an estimation?

A

an approximate value

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12
Q

Name one part you could find in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?

A

cell wall
chloroplasts
permanent vacuole

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13
Q

what process happens in mitochondrion

A

aerobic respiration

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14
Q

what is one function of a plant cell’s permanent vacuole?

A

keep the cell rigid

store substances

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15
Q

in which part of a plant cell is cell sap stored

A

vacuole

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16
Q

which part of a cell do you find the chromosomes

A

nucleus

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17
Q

when you look down a microscope, what is the area you see called?

A

field of view

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18
Q

why can an electron microscope detect smaller structures in cells than a light microscope?

A

it has a better magnification and better resolution

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19
Q

what is a picture taken with a microscope called?

A

micrograph

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20
Q

list 3 sub-cellular structures that are usually found in animal cells

A

cell membrane
nucleus
mitochondria

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21
Q

list three things found in plant cells but not in animal cells

A

vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall

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22
Q

which cell structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?

A

cell membrane

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23
Q

which cell structure controls how the cell works

A

nucleus

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24
Q

which cell structure does respiration mainly take place?

A

mitochondria

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25
Q

which plant cell structure contains chlorophyll?

A

chloroplasts

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26
Q

what is the function of the structure that surrounds plant cells, but not animal cells

A

supports and protects the cell

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27
Q

whats the function of chlorophyll

A

capture light energy for photosynthesis

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28
Q

what is the function of ribosomes?

A

manufacture of proteins

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29
Q

what are gametes

A

sex cells

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30
Q

a bacterium is 20um long. How long is it in meters?

A

0.00002m

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31
Q

a bacterium is 5um wide. How wide is it in nanometers?

A

500nm

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32
Q

what part of an animal cell controls the cells activities?

A

nucleus

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33
Q

what do ribosomes make?

A

proteins

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34
Q

name one part that a plant cell might have but an animal cell would not have

A

chloroplast, vacuole, cell wall

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35
Q

what do bacteria use to move?

A

flagella

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36
Q

what word describes bacteria cells?

A

prokaryotic

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37
Q

name one structure that an animal cell would have but a bacteria cell wouldn’t what

A

nucleus, mitochondria

38
Q

name substances that might be found in a cytoplasm of an egg cell to provide energy

A

fat, oil, lipid

39
Q

in which system of the body is food broken down in

A

digestive system

40
Q

why do we need to break down our food?

A

because the molecules in food are too large to cross cell membanes

41
Q

in which organ of the body is digested food absorbed?

A

small intestine

42
Q

which group of molecules help to digest food?

A

enzymes

43
Q

examples of enzymes

A

amylase, protease, lipase

44
Q

what does a sperm cell use for enzymes?

A

to digest a path through the jelly layer coat of the egg cell

45
Q

do plant contain enzymes?

A

yes- they control many reactions inside plant cells

46
Q

why are proteins and carbohydrates polymers?

A

they are made up of many similar molecules/monomers

47
Q

which monomers make up starch?

A

glucose

48
Q

which monomers make up a protein?

A

amino acids

49
Q

what are enzyme carbohydrates?

A

proteins

50
Q

what are fats and oils examples of

A

lipids

51
Q

foods that contain starch?

A

potato, bread, rice, pasta

52
Q

how does mitochondria provide energy?

A

break down molecules from food to release energy

53
Q

what small molecules make up carbohydrates?

A

simple sugars e.g: glucose

54
Q

what molecules form lipids

A

fatty acids and glycerol

55
Q

what are subunits?

A

small molecules

56
Q

which kind of large biological molecules are enzymes?

A

proteins

57
Q

which subunits make up enzymes?

A

amino acids

58
Q

where is amylase found?

A

mouth/salivary glands

found in small intestine/pancreas

59
Q

whats a catalyst

A

molecule that speeds up rate of reaction

60
Q

why are enzymes called biological catalysts?

A

they are molecules found inside living organisms that speed up the rate of reaction

61
Q

what is a substrate?

A

a molecule that is changed in a reaction

62
Q

what is the substrate for amylase?

A

starch

63
Q

starch synthase is an enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of starch. what doe this mean?

A

the enzymes combines with all small sugar molecules and helps them join together to form starch

64
Q

what are the subunits of enzymes?

A

amino acids

65
Q

why do different enymes have different 3D shapes?

A

the amino acids are arranged in a different order in different proteins

66
Q

which kind of large organic molecule does a protease digest?

A

proteins

67
Q

which kind of enzyme would beak down a food stain made by oil?

A

lipase?

68
Q

what is the name of the part of an enzyme into which the substrate fits?

A

active site

69
Q

why do most enzymes only work with one substrate?

A

only substrates with the same shape as the active site can sit in the site and take part in the reaction

70
Q

enzymes are specific to their substrate. what does this mean?

A

the enzymes will only work with particular substrates

71
Q

what does denatured mean

A

an enzyme in which the active site has permanently changed shape

72
Q

give two examples of changes in the cell environment that could cause the active site to change shape.

A

pH

temperature

73
Q

which cell structure surrounds every kind of cell?

A

cell surface membrane

74
Q

what is the function of the cell surface membrane?

A

control what enters and leaves the cell

75
Q

name one gas that a cell needs to take in from its surroundings

A

oxygen needed for respiration

carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis

76
Q

name one other substance that a cell needs to take in from its surroundings

A

glucose/sugar for respiration

77
Q

carbon dioxide is produced inside a cell and moves out of the cell by diffusion. what does this mean?

A

there is an overall movement of gas particles from a high concentration to low

78
Q

name a substance that is made inside a cell and leaves the cell

A

enzymes/hormones

79
Q

what do plants take in from soil through their roots?

A

water & dissolved mineral salts

80
Q

there is a 5% sucrose solution and a 10% sucrose solution. which is a higher concentration?

A

10% solution

81
Q

two beakers contain the same volume of solution. One is a 10% sodium chloride solution, the other 5% sodium chloride solution. Which beaker contains more water molecules

A

5% solution

82
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable that is changed during a science experiment

83
Q

Dependent variable

A

The variable being tested or measured during a scientific experiment

84
Q

Controll variable

A

A variable that is kept the same during a scientific experiment

85
Q

What colour does iodine turn if starch is present

A

Blue/black

86
Q

What is the function of Chromosomal dna

A

Controls cell activity and replication

87
Q

What is the function of plasmid dna

A

Contain genes

88
Q

Order of conversion

A

Nm

89
Q

Lipase

A

Breaks down fats and glycerol

90
Q

Test for lipase

A

Ethonal

91
Q

Protease

A

Breaks down proteins to amino acids

92
Q

Test for protease

A

Biruit solution (blue to purple)

Biology (9 decks)

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