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Biology > Topic 5 - Health, disease & Development of medicines > Flashcards

Topic 5 - Health, disease & Development of medicines Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which cell structure is found in plant and animal cells but not in bacterial cells?

A

nucleus

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2
Q

Give one example of a disease that can be caught from another person.

A

any communicable/infectious disease, e.g. flu or a cold

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3
Q

Give an example of a disease that is not passed from person to person

A

any non-communicable disease, e.g. cancer, diabetes

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4
Q

Name a type of organism that can cause disease.

A

bacterium, virus, protist, fungus

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5
Q

suggest one way in which infectious diseases are spread

A

cough, sneezing, air, water etc

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6
Q

What might a doctor give to someone who has a bacterial disease?

A

antibiotic

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7
Q

Give one symptom of flu.

A

high temperature/fever, aches, runny nose, sore throat

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8
Q

What does the immune system do?

A

protect against infection

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9
Q

which term describes bacteria that are not harmed by an antibiotic?

A

antibiotic resistant

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10
Q

Describe one thing you can do to stay healthy.

A

get regular exercise, eat a good diet,

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11
Q

Which type of disease is passed from parent to offspring in their genes?

A

genetic disease

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12
Q

What causes malnutrition?

A

poor diet with not the right amount of nutrients

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13
Q

What causes a deficiency disease?

A

not getting enough of a nutrient from food

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14
Q

Give one example of a deficiency disease.

A

scurvy

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15
Q

Give an example of a lifestyle factor that is linked to disease.

A

diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption

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16
Q

If the amount of alcohol a person drinks increases, how will their risk of liver disease change?

A

increase

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17
Q

What is the function of the liver that makes it particularly likely to be damaged by alcohol?

A

It breaks down toxic substances including alcohol

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18
Q

Describe one problem that alcohol consumption causes for society

A

liver disease, loss of working days, increased risk of deaths by drink driving

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19
Q

What is cardiovascular disease?

A

disease of the heart and/or circulatory system

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20
Q

Is cardiovascular disease communicable or non-communicable?

A

non-communicable

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21
Q

Name two ways of measuring obesity

A

BMI and waist : hip ratio

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22
Q

How does diet affect obesity?

A

Eating too much increases mass/obesity.

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23
Q

How does exercise affect obesity?

A

More exercise can decrease obesity

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24
Q

How is obesity correlated with cardiovascular disease?

A

increasing obesity increases the risk of disease.

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25
Q

How is smoking tobacco correlated with cardiovascular disease?

A

The more a person smokes, the greater the person’s risk of cardiovascular disease.

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26
Q

Name two different types of treatment for cardiovascular disease

A

lifestyle changes smoking, increasing exercise or changing diet

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27
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

a microorganism that causes disease in/harms the body

28
Q

are diseases caused by pathogens communicable or non-communicable?

A

communicable

29
Q

Which type of pathogen is HIV?

A

virus

30
Q

Which type of pathogen causes malaria?

A

protists

31
Q

Which species is affected by chalara dieback?

A

ash trees

32
Q

Which type of pathogen causes cholera?

A

bacterium

33
Q

Which organ does tuberculosis damage?

A

lungs

34
Q

Which pathogen causes haemorrhagic fever?

A

ebola virus

35
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria?

A

damage to blood and liver, fever

36
Q

how can the spread of chalara dieback be reduced or prevented?

A

destroying infected wood

37
Q

Why does killing mosquitoes help prevent malaria?

A

it stops the malaria pathogen being spread

38
Q

Which type of pathogen can cause stomach ulcers?

A

bacterium

39
Q

what pathogen causes ebola?

A

virus

40
Q

How is Ebola spread?

A

contact of bodily fluids

41
Q

How can the spread of cholera be reduced or prevented?

A

treat water to kill cholera pathogen

42
Q

Which term is used for organisms that spread disease from one host to another?

A

vector

43
Q

Which organism carries the pathogen that causes malaria from one host to another?

A

mosquito

44
Q

How does the malarial pathogen get into its host?

A

mosquito sucks human blood

45
Q

How do viruses replicate?

A

take over replication processes in cells

46
Q

Name one symptom of disease that the medicine aspirin is used to relieve.

A

reduces fever, painkiller

47
Q

Which barrier to infection covers the body?

A

skin

48
Q

Why does the skin protect against infection?

A

thick/difficult to get through

49
Q

How are trapped pathogens moved out of the lungs?

A

movement of cilia

50
Q

How does the chemical defence in the stomach help to protect against infection?

A

highly acidic, which kills many pathogens

51
Q

how are Chlamydia and HIV transmitted?

A

the enzyme breaks down bacterial cell walls

52
Q

Explain one way that the spread of Chlamydia or HIV could be reduced or prevented.

A

prevent contact with sexual fluids or infected breast milk to a baby

53
Q

Which type of blood cell is important in the immune response?

A

white blood cell/lymphocyte

54
Q

what name is given to the molecules on pathogens that the immune system responds to?

A

antigen

55
Q

Which cells are left in the blood after an infection has been cleared?

A

memory lymphocytes

56
Q

What is the function of the cells left in the blood after infection?

A

to protect against further infection by the same pathogen

57
Q

Which name is given to the inactive form of a pathogen used in immunisation?

A

vaccine

58
Q

Why are people immunised against diseases?

A

stop them being ill if they are infected with particular pathogens

59
Q

Which medicines are used to treat infections caused by bacteria?

A

antibiotics

60
Q

Why can antibiotics help to cure bacterial infections?

A

they kill bacterica

61
Q

Why can antibiotics not be used against viral infections?

A

viruses have no cell processes

62
Q

Name one type of white blood cell that attacks bacteria

A

lymphoctye/phagocyte

63
Q

Two bacterias u need to know

A

Cholera, tuberculosis

64
Q

Fungi u need to know

A

Chalara ash die back

65
Q

Malaria is a ..

A

Protist (animal vector)

66
Q

If people have been immunised, why are there still outbreaks?

A
  • not everyone immunised
  • immigration people aren’t immunised
  • immunity can decrease with age
67
Q

Describe the body’s response to immunisation

A

Introduces an antigen which causes an immune response which produces memory lymphocytes

Biology (9 decks)

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