Topic 5 - Health, disease & Development of medicines

Question 1

Which cell structure is found in plant and animal cells but not in bacterial cells?

Answer 1

nucleus

Question 2

Give one example of a disease that can be caught from another person.

Answer 2

any communicable/infectious disease, e.g. flu or a cold

Question 3

Give an example of a disease that is not passed from person to person

Answer 3

any non-communicable disease, e.g. cancer, diabetes

Question 4

Name a type of organism that can cause disease.

Answer 4

bacterium, virus, protist, fungus

Question 5

suggest one way in which infectious diseases are spread

Answer 5

cough, sneezing, air, water etc

Question 6

What might a doctor give to someone who has a bacterial disease?

Answer 6

antibiotic

Question 7

Give one symptom of flu.

Answer 7

high temperature/fever, aches, runny nose, sore throat

Question 8

What does the immune system do?

Answer 8

protect against infection

Question 9

which term describes bacteria that are not harmed by an antibiotic?

Answer 9

antibiotic resistant

Question 10

Describe one thing you can do to stay healthy.

Answer 10

get regular exercise, eat a good diet,

Question 11

Which type of disease is passed from parent to offspring in their genes?

Answer 11

genetic disease

Question 12

What causes malnutrition?

Answer 12

poor diet with not the right amount of nutrients

Question 13

What causes a deficiency disease?

Answer 13

not getting enough of a nutrient from food

Question 14

Give one example of a deficiency disease.

Answer 14

scurvy

Question 15

Give an example of a lifestyle factor that is linked to disease.

Answer 15

diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption

Question 16

If the amount of alcohol a person drinks increases, how will their risk of liver disease change?

Answer 16

increase

Question 17

What is the function of the liver that makes it particularly likely to be damaged by alcohol?

Answer 17

It breaks down toxic substances including alcohol

Question 18

Describe one problem that alcohol consumption causes for society

Answer 18

liver disease, loss of working days, increased risk of deaths by drink driving

Question 19

What is cardiovascular disease?

Answer 19

disease of the heart and/or circulatory system

Question 20

Is cardiovascular disease communicable or non-communicable?

Answer 20

non-communicable

Question 21

Name two ways of measuring obesity

Answer 21

BMI and waist : hip ratio

Question 22

How does diet affect obesity?

Answer 22

Eating too much increases mass/obesity.

Question 23

How does exercise affect obesity?

Answer 23

More exercise can decrease obesity

Question 24

How is obesity correlated with cardiovascular disease?

Answer 24

increasing obesity increases the risk of disease.

Question 25

How is smoking tobacco correlated with cardiovascular disease?

Answer 25

The more a person smokes, the greater the person's risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 26

Name two different types of treatment for cardiovascular disease

Answer 26

lifestyle changes smoking, increasing exercise or changing diet

Question 27

What is a pathogen?

Answer 27

a microorganism that causes disease in/harms the body

Question 28

are diseases caused by pathogens communicable or non-communicable?

Answer 28

communicable

Question 29

Which type of pathogen is HIV?

Answer 29

virus

Question 30

Which type of pathogen causes malaria?

Answer 30

protists

Question 31

Which species is affected by chalara dieback?

Answer 31

ash trees

Question 32

Which type of pathogen causes cholera?

Answer 32

bacterium

Question 33

Which organ does tuberculosis damage?

Answer 33

lungs

Question 34

Which pathogen causes haemorrhagic fever?

Answer 34

ebola virus

Question 35

What are the symptoms of malaria?

Answer 35

damage to blood and liver, fever

Question 36

how can the spread of chalara dieback be reduced or prevented?

Answer 36

destroying infected wood

Question 37

Why does killing mosquitoes help prevent malaria?

Answer 37

it stops the malaria pathogen being spread

Question 38

Which type of pathogen can cause stomach ulcers?

Answer 38

bacterium

Question 39

what pathogen causes ebola?

Answer 39

virus

Question 40

How is Ebola spread?

Answer 40

contact of bodily fluids

Question 41

How can the spread of cholera be reduced or prevented?

Answer 41

treat water to kill cholera pathogen

Question 42

Which term is used for organisms that spread disease from one host to another?

Answer 42

vector

Question 43

Which organism carries the pathogen that causes malaria from one host to another?

Answer 43

mosquito

Question 44

How does the malarial pathogen get into its host?

Answer 44

mosquito sucks human blood

Question 45

How do viruses replicate?

Answer 45

take over replication processes in cells

Question 46

Name one symptom of disease that the medicine aspirin is used to relieve.

Answer 46

reduces fever, painkiller

Question 47

Which barrier to infection covers the body?

Answer 47

skin

Question 48

Why does the skin protect against infection?

Answer 48

thick/difficult to get through

Question 49

How are trapped pathogens moved out of the lungs?

Answer 49

movement of cilia

Question 50

How does the chemical defence in the stomach help to protect against infection?

Answer 50

highly acidic, which kills many pathogens

Question 51

how are Chlamydia and HIV transmitted?

Answer 51

the enzyme breaks down bacterial cell walls

Question 52

Explain one way that the spread of Chlamydia or HIV could be reduced or prevented.

Answer 52

prevent contact with sexual fluids or infected breast milk to a baby

Question 53

Which type of blood cell is important in the immune response?

Answer 53

white blood cell/lymphocyte

Question 54

what name is given to the molecules on pathogens that the immune system responds to?

Answer 54

antigen

Question 55

Which cells are left in the blood after an infection has been cleared?

Answer 55

memory lymphocytes

Question 56

What is the function of the cells left in the blood after infection?

Answer 56

to protect against further infection by the same pathogen

Question 57

Which name is given to the inactive form of a pathogen used in immunisation?

Answer 57

vaccine

Question 58

Why are people immunised against diseases?

Answer 58

stop them being ill if they are infected with particular pathogens

Question 59

Which medicines are used to treat infections caused by bacteria?

Answer 59

antibiotics

Question 60

Why can antibiotics help to cure bacterial infections?

Answer 60

they kill bacterica

Question 61

Why can antibiotics not be used against viral infections?

Answer 61

viruses have no cell processes

Question 62

Name one type of white blood cell that attacks bacteria

Answer 62

lymphoctye/phagocyte

Question 63

Two bacterias u need to know

Answer 63

Cholera, tuberculosis

Question 64

Fungi u need to know

Answer 64

Chalara ash die back

Question 65

Malaria is a ..

Answer 65

Protist (animal vector)

Question 66

If people have been immunised, why are there still outbreaks?

Answer 66

- not everyone immunised - immigration people aren’t immunised - immunity can decrease with age

Question 67

Describe the body’s response to immunisation

Answer 67

Introduces an antigen which causes an immune response which produces memory lymphocytes