Topic 5 - Health, disease & Development of medicines Flashcards
Which cell structure is found in plant and animal cells but not in bacterial cells?
nucleus
Give one example of a disease that can be caught from another person.
any communicable/infectious disease, e.g. flu or a cold
Give an example of a disease that is not passed from person to person
any non-communicable disease, e.g. cancer, diabetes
Name a type of organism that can cause disease.
bacterium, virus, protist, fungus
suggest one way in which infectious diseases are spread
cough, sneezing, air, water etc
What might a doctor give to someone who has a bacterial disease?
antibiotic
Give one symptom of flu.
high temperature/fever, aches, runny nose, sore throat
What does the immune system do?
protect against infection
which term describes bacteria that are not harmed by an antibiotic?
antibiotic resistant
Describe one thing you can do to stay healthy.
get regular exercise, eat a good diet,
Which type of disease is passed from parent to offspring in their genes?
genetic disease
What causes malnutrition?
poor diet with not the right amount of nutrients
What causes a deficiency disease?
not getting enough of a nutrient from food
Give one example of a deficiency disease.
scurvy
Give an example of a lifestyle factor that is linked to disease.
diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption
If the amount of alcohol a person drinks increases, how will their risk of liver disease change?
increase
What is the function of the liver that makes it particularly likely to be damaged by alcohol?
It breaks down toxic substances including alcohol
Describe one problem that alcohol consumption causes for society
liver disease, loss of working days, increased risk of deaths by drink driving
What is cardiovascular disease?
disease of the heart and/or circulatory system
Is cardiovascular disease communicable or non-communicable?
non-communicable
Name two ways of measuring obesity
BMI and waist : hip ratio
How does diet affect obesity?
Eating too much increases mass/obesity.
How does exercise affect obesity?
More exercise can decrease obesity
How is obesity correlated with cardiovascular disease?
increasing obesity increases the risk of disease.
How is smoking tobacco correlated with cardiovascular disease?
The more a person smokes, the greater the person’s risk of cardiovascular disease.
Name two different types of treatment for cardiovascular disease
lifestyle changes smoking, increasing exercise or changing diet
What is a pathogen?
a microorganism that causes disease in/harms the body
are diseases caused by pathogens communicable or non-communicable?
communicable
Which type of pathogen is HIV?
virus
Which type of pathogen causes malaria?
protists
Which species is affected by chalara dieback?
ash trees
Which type of pathogen causes cholera?
bacterium
Which organ does tuberculosis damage?
lungs
Which pathogen causes haemorrhagic fever?
ebola virus
What are the symptoms of malaria?
damage to blood and liver, fever
how can the spread of chalara dieback be reduced or prevented?
destroying infected wood
Why does killing mosquitoes help prevent malaria?
it stops the malaria pathogen being spread
Which type of pathogen can cause stomach ulcers?
bacterium
what pathogen causes ebola?
virus
How is Ebola spread?
contact of bodily fluids
How can the spread of cholera be reduced or prevented?
treat water to kill cholera pathogen
Which term is used for organisms that spread disease from one host to another?
vector
Which organism carries the pathogen that causes malaria from one host to another?
mosquito
How does the malarial pathogen get into its host?
mosquito sucks human blood
How do viruses replicate?
take over replication processes in cells
Name one symptom of disease that the medicine aspirin is used to relieve.
reduces fever, painkiller
Which barrier to infection covers the body?
skin
Why does the skin protect against infection?
thick/difficult to get through
How are trapped pathogens moved out of the lungs?
movement of cilia
How does the chemical defence in the stomach help to protect against infection?
highly acidic, which kills many pathogens
how are Chlamydia and HIV transmitted?
the enzyme breaks down bacterial cell walls
Explain one way that the spread of Chlamydia or HIV could be reduced or prevented.
prevent contact with sexual fluids or infected breast milk to a baby
Which type of blood cell is important in the immune response?
white blood cell/lymphocyte
what name is given to the molecules on pathogens that the immune system responds to?
antigen
Which cells are left in the blood after an infection has been cleared?
memory lymphocytes
What is the function of the cells left in the blood after infection?
to protect against further infection by the same pathogen
Which name is given to the inactive form of a pathogen used in immunisation?
vaccine
Why are people immunised against diseases?
stop them being ill if they are infected with particular pathogens
Which medicines are used to treat infections caused by bacteria?
antibiotics
Why can antibiotics help to cure bacterial infections?
they kill bacterica
Why can antibiotics not be used against viral infections?
viruses have no cell processes
Name one type of white blood cell that attacks bacteria
lymphoctye/phagocyte
Two bacterias u need to know
Cholera, tuberculosis
Fungi u need to know
Chalara ash die back
Malaria is a ..
Protist (animal vector)
If people have been immunised, why are there still outbreaks?
- not everyone immunised
- immigration people aren’t immunised
- immunity can decrease with age
Describe the body’s response to immunisation
Introduces an antigen which causes an immune response which produces memory lymphocytes
