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Biology > Topic 7 - Animal coordination, control & homeostasis > Flashcards

Topic 7 - Animal coordination, control & homeostasis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which cells in the nervous system detect changes?

A

Receptor cells

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2
Q

Sense organs containing receptor cells:

A 
Eyes 
Ears
Nose
Tongue
Skin
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3
Q

Which parts of the body cause the response to a stimulus?

A

Effectors

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4
Q

Examples of effectors:

A

Muscle, gland

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5
Q

In what form is information transmitted in the nervous system?

A

Electrical impulses

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6
Q

How are soluble chemicals carried around the body?

A

In blood/plasma

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7
Q

Name male hormone produced in the reproductive system

A

Testosterone

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8
Q

Name a hormone produced by ovaries

A

Oestrogen

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9
Q

Which general name is given to an organ that responds to a hormone?

A

Target organ

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10
Q

What effect do hormones have on organs that respond to them?

A

Change how the organ is working

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11
Q

What is the name for a gland that produces a hormone?

A

Endocrine gland

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12
Q

Organ that produces oestrogen

A

Ovary

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13
Q

Organ at the base of the brain that produces many hormones:

A

Pituitary gland

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14
Q

Name an organ that is affected by growth hormone

A

Bones/muscles

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15
Q

How are hormones carried around the body?

A

In the blood

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16
Q

Which hormone brings about changes in a boys body during puberty?

A

Testosterone

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17
Q

Where is adrenaline made?

A

Adrenal glands

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18
Q

Describe one effect of adrenaline on the body

A

Increases heart rate
Increases breathing rate
Increases blood pressure

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19
Q

What is the role of thyroxine in the body?

A

To control the metabolic rate

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20
Q

What’s a hormone?

A

A substance that is produced in the body that changes how it’s target organs work

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21
Q

What glad produces testosterone?

A

Testes

22
Q

How does testosterone get from where it is made to its target organs?

A

In blood

23
Q

What hormone is produced when girls become woman

A

Oestrogen

24
Q

Which gland is thyroxine produced

A

Thyroid gland

25
Q

Which hormone controls the fight or flight response?

A

Adrenaline

26
Q

What’s the cycle of changes in a woman’s reproductive system that happens every month?

A

Menstrual cycle

27
Q

What physical barrier prevents fertilisation?

A

Contraception

28
Q

What day of the menstrual cycle is an egg released from an ovary?

A

Day 14

29
Q

What two hormones help control the menstrual cycle?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

30
Q

Where is oestrogen produced

A

Ovaries

31
Q

Which endocrine organ produces the hormones FSH and LH?

A

Pituitary glad

32
Q

How does use of a condom during sexual activity help to reduce risk of pregnancy?

A

Prevents sperm reaching thr egg

33
Q

A surge in concentration of which hormone triggers ovulation?

A

LH

34
Q

Which hormone stimulates the growth and maturation of an egg follicle

A

FSH

35
Q

Which hormone treatment can be given to woman who rarely ovulate, to increase their chances of ovulation

A

Clomifene therapy

36
Q

Which term means maintaining a constant internal environment?

A

Homeostasis

37
Q

What effect does eating food have on blood glucose concentration?

A

Increases

38
Q

What effect does exercise have on blood glucose concentration

A

Decreases

39
Q

Which hormones control blood glucose concentration

A

Insulin

40
Q

Which endocrine gland produces insulin

A

Pancreas

41
Q

What causes type 1 diabetes?

A

No insulin produced

42
Q

What type of treatment must someone with type 1 diabetes have to have for the rest of their lives?

A

Injections of insulin

43
Q

What causes type 2 diabetes?

A

Not enough insulin produced/insulin target cells don’t work properly

44
Q

What are the target cells for insulin?

A

Liver & muscle cells

45
Q

What might a doctor suggest diabetics to reduce in their diet?

A

Sugar/glucose

46
Q

How is body mass correlated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?

A

Risk increases as mass increases

47
Q

How does the body respond to being cold?

A

Shivering/goosebumps/reduction of blood flow near the skin

48
Q

How does the body respond to being too hot?

A

Sweating/increases blood flow near skin

49
Q

What happens if blood glucose gets too low?

A

It is picked up by thr pancreas, and it starts to produce glucagon.

50
Q

How does glycogen convert back to glucose

A

Glucose stored in the muscle and liver cells start to return back to the blood stream.

51
Q

Equation for glycogen going to glucose

A

Glycogen ————> glucose

glucagon

52
Q

What causes blood glucose levels to rise?

A

your pancreas releases a hormone called insulin, which prompts your cells to absorb sugar from the blood.

Biology (9 decks)

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