Topic 7 - Animal coordination, control & homeostasis Flashcards
Which cells in the nervous system detect changes?
Receptor cells
Sense organs containing receptor cells:
Eyes Ears Nose Tongue Skin
Which parts of the body cause the response to a stimulus?
Effectors
Examples of effectors:
Muscle, gland
In what form is information transmitted in the nervous system?
Electrical impulses
How are soluble chemicals carried around the body?
In blood/plasma
Name male hormone produced in the reproductive system
Testosterone
Name a hormone produced by ovaries
Oestrogen
Which general name is given to an organ that responds to a hormone?
Target organ
What effect do hormones have on organs that respond to them?
Change how the organ is working
What is the name for a gland that produces a hormone?
Endocrine gland
Organ that produces oestrogen
Ovary
Organ at the base of the brain that produces many hormones:
Pituitary gland
Name an organ that is affected by growth hormone
Bones/muscles
How are hormones carried around the body?
In the blood
Which hormone brings about changes in a boys body during puberty?
Testosterone
Where is adrenaline made?
Adrenal glands
Describe one effect of adrenaline on the body
Increases heart rate
Increases breathing rate
Increases blood pressure
What is the role of thyroxine in the body?
To control the metabolic rate
What’s a hormone?
A substance that is produced in the body that changes how it’s target organs work
What glad produces testosterone?
Testes
How does testosterone get from where it is made to its target organs?
In blood
What hormone is produced when girls become woman
Oestrogen
Which gland is thyroxine produced
Thyroid gland
Which hormone controls the fight or flight response?
Adrenaline
What’s the cycle of changes in a woman’s reproductive system that happens every month?
Menstrual cycle
What physical barrier prevents fertilisation?
Contraception
What day of the menstrual cycle is an egg released from an ovary?
Day 14
What two hormones help control the menstrual cycle?
Oestrogen and progesterone
Where is oestrogen produced
Ovaries
Which endocrine organ produces the hormones FSH and LH?
Pituitary glad
How does use of a condom during sexual activity help to reduce risk of pregnancy?
Prevents sperm reaching thr egg
A surge in concentration of which hormone triggers ovulation?
LH
Which hormone stimulates the growth and maturation of an egg follicle
FSH
Which hormone treatment can be given to woman who rarely ovulate, to increase their chances of ovulation
Clomifene therapy
Which term means maintaining a constant internal environment?
Homeostasis
What effect does eating food have on blood glucose concentration?
Increases
What effect does exercise have on blood glucose concentration
Decreases
Which hormones control blood glucose concentration
Insulin
Which endocrine gland produces insulin
Pancreas
What causes type 1 diabetes?
No insulin produced
What type of treatment must someone with type 1 diabetes have to have for the rest of their lives?
Injections of insulin
What causes type 2 diabetes?
Not enough insulin produced/insulin target cells don’t work properly
What are the target cells for insulin?
Liver & muscle cells
What might a doctor suggest diabetics to reduce in their diet?
Sugar/glucose
How is body mass correlated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?
Risk increases as mass increases
How does the body respond to being cold?
Shivering/goosebumps/reduction of blood flow near the skin
How does the body respond to being too hot?
Sweating/increases blood flow near skin
What happens if blood glucose gets too low?
It is picked up by thr pancreas, and it starts to produce glucagon.
How does glycogen convert back to glucose
Glucose stored in the muscle and liver cells start to return back to the blood stream.
Equation for glycogen going to glucose
Glycogen ————> glucose
glucagon
What causes blood glucose levels to rise?
your pancreas releases a hormone called insulin, which prompts your cells to absorb sugar from the blood.
