Topic 8: animals contiued 2

Question 1

what are the unqui characteristics of the superphylum Dueterostomia

Answer 1

• during the stage of embrogensis the blastopore begins as the mouth and when the other side of the cell is developed the orginal mouth becomes the anus
• these produce organisms that are radically symmetrical

Question 2

What are the characterisitics of the phylum echinodermata

Answer 2

• are radically symmetrical (are bliateria)
• this phylum are deuterostomia
• this group tends to include star fishes and sea urchins

Question 3

Hemichordates are

Answer 3

more closely related to echinoderms than to chordates

Question 4

What are unique characteristics of the phylum Chlordata

Answer 4

during development:
- they have a notocord (a long rod on their backs which is made of cartilige)
-they have a hollow nerve cord that developes into a nervous system
- pharyngeal slits/clefts
- post anus tail

Question 5

What are the different subphyla of chordata

Answer 5

• Cephalochordata
• Tunicata/Urochordata
• Craniata/Vertebrata

Question 6

what are the characteristics of the
chordata’s subphylum of craniata/vertebrates

Answer 6

• these species have a distinct cranium
• has fiberous structures that surrounds the brain, jaw
• have vertebrae

Question 7

What is the only things that seperates craniata from the vertebrates

Answer 7

the fact the hagfishes are not a desendent of an ancestors with a vertrbrae

Question 8

Which organisms within the Chlordates all posses lungs and swim bladders

Answer 8

• lobe-finned fishes
• amphibians
• amniotes

Question 9

What are unique characterisitcs about sharks and rays

Answer 9

• they have little bone and the majority of their skeleton is made up of cartilage
• they lack swim bladders

Question 10

What are unique characterisitcs about the Ray-finned fish

Answer 10

• they tend to have a solids bones
• they have a swim bladder (was developed from its lungs)
• fins are attached to muscles of the body
• their ancestors are hagfish

Question 11

What are the extant lobe-finned fishes includes

Answer 11

• coelacanths (has the lung structure but does not truely use them)
• lungfish (lungs and no swim bladder)
  -side note: some of these species developed limbs through evolution of fin structures

Question 12

What are caecilians

Answer 12

worm or snake like amphibians

Question 13

What are the characteristics of amphibians

Answer 13

• they have poor lung development so gas exchange happens through the skins
• they lay eggs that do not have shells
• are typically four footed

Question 14

What did the amniotes give rise to

Answer 14

• reptiles, birds, and mammals

Question 15

What are the distinguishing features of mammals

Answer 15

• hair
• females produce milk for the young
• largest brains in vertbreates
• relatively long duration of parental care

Question 16

What are the different extant mammalian groups and what are their main characterisitics

Answer 16

Monotremes:
- only egg laying mammels
- they have an amobiotic egg
Marsupials:
- the female tends to have a pouch to carry offspring
- offspring is born in early development and the offspring finishs developing in the pouch
Placental mammals:
- these species contain a complex placenta that connects mother and baby in the uterus
- has an amobiotic egg that is kept inside of the female

Question 17

What are the characteristics of a primate

Answer 17

• is closely related to the lemur and the gorilla
• has seperate fingers
• large brain
• omnivores

Question 18

What is the closest extinct relatives from modern humans

Answer 18

homo denisova and homo neanderthalensis