Topic 8

Question 1

What is a Bronsted Lowry acid?

Answer 1

Proton donor

Question 2

What is a Bronsted Lowy base?

Answer 2

A proton acceptor

Question 3

What is a lewis acid?

Answer 3

Electron acceptor

Question 4

What is a lewis base?

Answer 4

Electron donor

Question 5

What must a BL base always have?

Answer 5

Lone pair of electrons

Question 6

Write an equation using the BL theory for the dissolving of NH3 in water

Answer 6

NH3(aq)+H20(l)–NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)

NH3= BL base
H20= BL acid

Question 7

What is the definition for conjugate acid base pairs?

Answer 7

Two species that differ by a single proton

Question 8

What does every BL reaction have?

Answer 8

Two conjugate acid base pairs

Question 9

Dissociation of NH3 in water with conjugate acid base pairs

Question 10

General equation for a BL reaction

Answer 10

Acid 1 + Base 2 – Base 1 + Acid 2

Question 11

What are thermometric titrations?

Answer 11

• When an unknown concentration is added to a base of known volume and concentration
• Can be carried out to determine the concentration of a solution
• Temp of the mixture is recorded as the acid is added and results are plotted on a graph

Question 12

Difference between monoprotic and diprotic acids?

Answer 12

Monoprotic = donates one proton
Diprotic = Donates 2

Question 13

Examples of 2 monoprotic acids

Answer 13

HCl and HNO3

Question 14

Example of a diprotic acid

Answer 14

H2SO4

Question 15

How to calculate the pH of a monoprotic acid?

Answer 15

pH = -log[H+}

Use the concentration of the acid as the H+

Question 16

Calculate the pH of a 0.100moldm-3 solution of HCl

Answer 16

Hcl(aq) –H+(aq)+Cl-(aq)
pH = -log {H+]
pH= -log{0.100} = 1.00

Question 17

Where does equilibrium lie for strong acids and bases?

Answer 17

To the right

Question 18

Where does equilibrium lie for weak acids and bases?

Answer 18

To the left

Question 19

What are amphiprotic series?

Answer 19

Can act as both a BL acid and base

Question 20

Reactions of acids (5)

Answer 20

Acid + metal hydroxide – Salt+ water
Acid+ metal oxide – Salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate – Salt+ water+CO2
Acid+metal – Salt + hydrogen
Acid+ metal hydrogen carbonate – salt+ water+ co2

Question 21

Features of the pH scale

Answer 21

• measures how basic or acidic a substance is
  -logarithmic scale
  -change in one pH unit is 10 times the change in H+ ions
  -

Question 22

What is the ionic product constant of water?

Answer 22

KW =(H+)(OH-)

Question 23

What is a monoprotic acid? + examples

Answer 23

An acid that donates one proton ( HCl, HNO3)

Question 24

What is a diprotic acid?

Answer 24

An acid that donates 2 protons ( H2SO4)

Question 25

What is the formula for pH?

Answer 25

pH = -log (H+)

Question 26

If the acid or base is strong where does equilibrium lie?

Answer 26

To the right

Question 27

Where does equilibrium lie for weak acids and bases?

Answer 27

To the left

Question 28

What are the methods for distinguishing between strong and weak acids?

Answer 28

- Measuring electrical conductivity - Measuring the pH - react with an active metal or base

Question 29

How can electrical conductivity be used to find a strong acid?

Answer 29

- strong acids will have high electrical conducivity as there is a high concentration of mobile ions in solution

Question 30

How can reacting with an active metal be used to find a strong acid?

Answer 30

- the active metal will react faster with the strong acid | - strong acids have a higher concentration of H+ ions

Question 31

What is the pH of rain water?

Answer 31

5.6

Question 32

Reaction for CO2 and H20?

Answer 32

CO2 + H20 ---H2CO3

Question 33

What gases are involved in acid deposition?

Answer 33

SO2 and NOx

Question 34

What two things produce SO2?

Answer 34

- Power stations as the coal that contains S is burned | - Volcanic eruption

Question 35

What produces NO?

Answer 35

An internal combustion in engines where N and O react

Question 36

What are the two products when SO2 reacts with water?

Answer 36

SO2 + H20 = H2SO3 | SO3 + H20 = H2SO4 ( SO2 reacts with O to get SO3)

Question 37

Reactions of NO

Answer 37

2NO2 + H20 =HNO3 +HNO2

Question 38

What is pre combustion?

Answer 38

- When sulphur is removed from petroleum products before combustion - Hydrodesulfurisation

Question 39

What is post combustion?

Answer 39

- Flue gas desulfurisation | - SO2 is removed from exhaust emission by reacting with a base

Question 40

State what is meant by the term conjugate base.

Answer 40

Has one less proton ( do not say differs by a proton )