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IB Chemistry > Topic 11 > Flashcards

Topic 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Taken from measurements made in a lab and are associated with random errors

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2
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Non numerical data taken from observations

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3
Q

What is the absolute uncertainty of analog equipment?

A

Half the smallest smallest scale of division

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4
Q

What is percentage uncertainty?

A

Absolute uncertainty/ uncertainty measured X 100

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5
Q

What are random errors?

A

Unpredictable changes in the experiment like changes in the environment and mis reading

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6
Q

How can random errors be reduced?

A

By conducting repeat trials and using precise apparatus

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7
Q

What are systematic errors?

A

A flaw in the experimental design or apparatus where the measured value is higher or lower than the actual value

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8
Q

What can systematic errors not be reduced by?

A

Repeating trials

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9
Q

How do you workout the propagation of uncertainties?

A

Work out the % uncertainty of each and add them together

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10
Q

What is the formula for % error?

A

%error = experimental - theoretical / theoretical X 100

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11
Q

What is IHD?

A

The degree of unsaturation ( unsaturated will have less H atoms and thus hydrogen deficient)

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12
Q

What can IHD determine?

A

The number of rings or multiple bonds in a molecule

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13
Q

What is the formula for IHD?

A

IHD = 2x+2-y / 2
x is the number of carbon atoms
y is the number of H atoms

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14
Q

What does an IHD of 0 mean?

A

There are no double bonds or rings

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15
Q

What does an IHD of 1 mean?

A

One double bond or a ring structure

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16
Q

What does an IHD of 2 mean?

A

A triple bond

17
Q

What do you if there is a nitrogen atom?

A

Add 1 to the n of carbons and the n. of H atoms

18
Q

What is HNMR?

A

The typical proton chemical proton shift relative to TMS

18
Q

What is HNMR?

A

The typical proton chemical proton shift relative to TMS

19
Q

What do the number of peaks on HNMR data tell you?

A

The number of different chemical envirnoments

20
Q

Infrared spectroscoppy

A
  • Can be used to determine the structure of a molecule

- look at the wave number and compare to data booklet ( table 26)

21
Q

What does a strong intensity mean for the infrared data?

A

Strongly polar

22
Q

What does a weak intensity mean for the infrared data?

A

Weakly polar

23
Q

What can mass spec be used for?

A

Determine the Ar of an element and the structure of a compound

24
Q

What are the 4 stages of mass spec?

A

Ionisation – Acceleration of magnetic field – Deflection of magnetic field – Detection

25
Q

What does the peak furthest to the right tell us?

A

The Mr of the compound

26
Q

What does each peak to the left represents?

A

A fragment that has been lost

IB Chemistry (17 decks)

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