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Biology > Topic 7 Key Words > Flashcards

Topic 7 Key Words Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Diploid

A

Cells in which the nucleus contains two sets of chromosomes

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2
Q

Gene

A

A section of DNA on a chromosome coding for one or more polypeptide

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3
Q

Allele

A

An alternative form of a gene

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4
Q

Genotype

A

All of the alleles that an organism carries on its chromosomes

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5
Q

Pheonotype

A

Observable characteristics of an organism which are the result of the genotype and environmental factors

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6
Q

Dominant allele

A

An allele that is always expressed in the phenotype of an organism

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7
Q

Recessive allele

A

The characteristic is only expressed in the presence of another identical allele

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8
Q

Codominant allele

A

Both alleles for one gene in a heterozygous organism contribute to the phenotype

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9
Q

Homozygous

A

The allele of a gene are identical

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10
Q

Heterozygous

A

The alleles of a gene are different

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11
Q

Locus

A

The position of a gene on a chromosome

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12
Q

Monohybrid inhertiance

A

Inheritance of a characteristic controlled by a single gene

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13
Q

Dihybrid inheritance

A

Inheritance of two characteristics that are controlled by separate genes

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14
Q

Epistasis

A

An interaction between genes when the expression of one gene suppresses the expression of another gene

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15
Q

Autosome

A

All the non-sex chromosomes

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16
Q

Homologous pair

A

Diploid organisms have pairs of chromosomes

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17
Q

Sex-linkage

A

The expression of alleles located on sex chromosomes depends on the sex of the individual

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18
Q

Species

A

Organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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19
Q

Population

A

All the organism of a species in one place at one time

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20
Q

Gene pool

A

All the alleles present in a population

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21
Q

Allele frequency

A

How common an allele is in the population

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22
Q

Evolution

A

A change in allele frequency over time

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23
Q

Differential reproductive success

A

Organisms with a phenotype better adapted to their environment have selective advantage and are not likely to survive and reproduce

24
Q

Community

A

All the organisms of all the species in one place at one time

25
Q

Speciation

A

The process of forming new species

26
Q

The Hardy-Weinberg Principle

A

A model that predicts the frequency of alleles, genotype and phenotype in a population

27
Q

Intraspecific variation

A

Individual of the same species have the same genes but different alleles - variation in their phenotype

28
Q

Interspecific variation

A

Individuals of different species have different genes and live in different environments - variation in their phenotype

29
Q

Continuous variation

A

Variation is smooth and continuous

30
Q

Discontinuous variation

A

Individuals fall into discrete groups with no intermediates

31
Q

Predation

A

When an organism (the predator) kills and eats another organism (the prey)

32
Q

Genetic drift

A

A change in allele frequency between generations due to random chance

33
Q

Directional selection

A

Individuals with an extreme type of characteristic are more likely to survive and reproduce

34
Q

Stabilising selection

A

Individuals with extreme types of characteristics are less likely to survive and reproduce

35
Q

Abundance

A

The number of individuals of a single in an ecosystem/ habitat and population size

36
Q

Distribution

A

Where a species is found in an ecosystem/ habitat

37
Q

Limiting factor

A

The thing that limits the maximum population size

38
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The maximum stable population an ecosystem can support

39
Q

Biotic factors

A

Ecological factors that make up part of the living environment

40
Q

Abiotic

A

An ecological factor that makes up part of the non-biological environment of an organism

41
Q

Niche

A

The role of species in an ecosystem

42
Q

Succession

A

A series of changes in species composition in a given place over time

43
Q

Climax community

A

Final stage of succession, few species dominant, stable equilibrium of species

44
Q

Deflected succession

A

A community that remains stable only because human activity prevents natural succession from taking place

45
Q

Environment

A

All the factors in a habitat that affect an organism

46
Q

Biosphere

A

The region of the earth the encompasses all living organisms

47
Q

Interspecific competion

A

Competition between organisms of a different species

48
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Competition between organisms of the same species

49
Q

Habitat

A

The place where organisms live

50
Q

Conservation

A

Managing succession and balancing the ethical and commercial interests

51
Q

Biodiversity

A

The range and variety of genes, species and habitats within a particular region

52
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

Process of forming new species due to geographical isolation

53
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

The process of forming new species without geographical isolation

54
Q

Disruptive selection

A

Both extremes of the phenotype are more likely to survive and reproduce than the mean phenotype

55
Q

Ecosystem

A

A system in which all organisms interact with biotic and abiotic factors

Biology (18 decks)

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