Topic 7 - Growth Factors Flashcards
What kind of properties do growth factors have and provide 2 examples?
Mitogenic properties (stimulates mitosis) eg) proliferation and/or differentiation
What are proto-oncogenes?
They are normal cellular genes that affect and are critical for cell growth and can become oncogenes if mutated (cause cancer)
NGF
Nerve growth factor
EGF
Epidermal growth factor
What happens if you dont continuously stimulate neurons?
They can die
What 2 factors should be high is a developing fetus?
- Nerve growth factor
2. Epidermal growth factor
What does erythropoitin stimulate?
Red blood cells
What do cytokins stimulate?
Immune cells
What do colony stimulating factors stimulate?
White blood cells (immune cells)
What do transforming growth factor beta do? (2)
- Increase FSH
2. Inhibits cell growth mostly
Where is IGF-1 produced?
Liver
What does IGF-1 take part in? (2)
- Protein synthesis
2. Cell proliferation
What does IGF-2 do?
Mediates GH effects
What is insulin important for? (2)
- Carb metabolism
2. Fetal growth
What does EGF do?
Primes infants gut to absorb nutrients
What happens to EGF in women who smoke?
EGF receptors decrease and reduce the affinity of receptors for EGF hormone causing low birth rate babies
What happens if there are low EGF receptor number or activity?
May have fetal growth retardation
What does NGF do?
Promotes growth and maintenance of sympathetic NS and some sensory neurons
What do PDGF do?
- Stimulated wound healing
2. Makes cells competent to respond to IGF-1
PDGH
Platelet derived growth factor
What are 2 examples of phosphorylation cascade?
- MAPK
2. PI3K/PKB
What disease is associated with too much growth factor?
Cancer
What disease is associated with too little growth factor? (2)
- Failure to grow/thrive
2. Apoptosis
GRB2
Growth factor receptor bound protein 2
