Topic 6 - Growth Hormone Part 2 & Growth Diseases Flashcards
What does fetal growth depend on? (2)
- Oxygen
2. Nutrients
Why do doctors prick the heels of babies when they are first born?
To measure for physical and mental health
What is the result of pregnant mothers who have an unhealthy eating style?
This results in low birth weight for babies
What are 5 factors that affect fetal growth and mental development?
- Alcohol
- Drugs
- Smoking
- Illness
- Chronic stress
All while pregnant
What is the placenta important for?
For fetal growth for O2, nutrients and hormones
What are 3 things that are important for fetal growth?
- IGF-1
- IGF-2
- GH
What happens if the brain doesnt get enough glucose?
The body will be “thrown under the bus” just to make sure the brain gets its proper amount
What are the 4 most predominant ages for growth?
- Fetus
- Just after birth
- Around 2 years
- Puberty
What is GH effects most controlled by? (2)
IGF-1 and IGF-2
What are 5 things GH has a direct effect on?
- Liposis
- AA uptake
- Protein synthesis in liver
- Decrease uptake sugar
- Glycogen synthesis
Acromegaly
Abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland after puberty
What does high GH lead to?
High IGF-1 causing proliferation of bone, cartilage and soft tissues
How to you treat acromegaly?
With GH receptor antagonists (blocks the signal and prevents GH from being produced)
What causes too much GH? (2)
- Most often a pituitary tumour or enlarged pituitary due to overstimulation by a regulatory hormone coming from a hypothalamic tumour
- Could be expressed where it is not suppose to be expressed leading to overstimulation
What causes to little GH? (2)
- Reduced function of absent GHR (Laron’s dwarfism) –> resistant to GH
- Insensitivity or deficiency to IGF-1
