Hormones In Both Age In Athletes For Performance Enhancement - Final Exam Flashcards
What percentage of people between the ages of 65-74 have impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes?
40% and increasing with age
What are 2 main factors in deterioration of glucose metabolism?
- Decrease insulin secretion by beta cells
2. Increase insulin resistance (poor diet, physical inactivity, increase abdominal fat and decrease lean body fat)
What does small changes in thyroid do as we age?
Decrease in TSH secretion from pituitary
What does large changes in thyroid do as we age?
Decrease T4 metabolism in peripheral tissues
- T4 stays the same while T3 decreases
What major hormone decreases with age?
Growth hormone
What decreases more in women with increasing age and why?
- Bone mineral density
- Since less androgens that increase bone and lower estrogen after menopause
What is associated with osteoporosis?
High glucocorticoid therapy
What 4 factors play an important role in osteoporosis?
- Zinc
- Copper
- Iron
- Vitamin D
What happens to your bones when they get too much vitamin D?
They begin to go soft
What 2 things decreases in both men and women with age?
- DHEA
2. Testosterone
DHEA
Dehydroepiandrosterone
What does replacement testosterone therapy pose a risk on? (6)
Increase risk of…
- Heart attack
- Strokes
- Blood clots
- Heart-rhythm irregularities
- Sleep apnea
- Prostate cancer
What are the functions of ovarian estrogen and progesterone suppose to do? (2)
- Maintain reproductive function
- Modulate…
- cardiovascular
- neural
- immune
- gastrointestinal
- musculo-skeletal systems
Can women who have had a hysterectomy have hormone replacement therapy and not be harmed and if so why?
- Yes they can
- Because they no longer produce estrogen
What 2 hormones increase during pregnancy?
- Estrogen
2. Progesterone
How does estrogen and progesterone effect the mother during pregnancy? (2)
- Changes metabolism
2. Changes cardiovascular function
What 7 things can occur after menopause?
- Vasomotor flushes
- Vaginal dryness
- Urinary symptoms
- Risk of osteoporosis
- Risk of coronary heart disease increase
- Stroke
- Dementia with increasing age
What hormone does the hypothalamus secrete?
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
What 2 hormones does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?
- Luteinizing hormone
2. Follicle stimulating hormone
What are 6 types of performance enhancing drugs?
- Non-approved substances
- Anabolic agents
- Peptide hormones, growth factors, related substance and mimics
- Beta-z agonist
- Hormones and metabolic modulators
- Diuretics and masking agents
What are 3 ways of manipulation for drugs?
- Blood and blood components
- Chemical and physical manipulation
- Gene doping
PED
Performing enhancing drugs
What are 3 benefits to PEDs?
- Better performance
- Better health
- Demonstrates and discover novel and effective uses of hormones
What are 6 negative effects to PEDs?
- Long term negative health effects on hormones
- Short term health risks
- Poor applications lessens performance
- Unknown health consequences
- Against the “rules”
- All athletes cant access them
