Topic 7 Bio p2 Flashcards
What is Asexual reproduction
In Asexual reproduction there’s only 1 parent so the offspring are genetically identical to that parent they are clones. No fusion of gametes
What reproduces asexually
Bacteria some plants and some animals
What is sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of males and females gametes. Because there are two parents, the offspring contains a mixture of their parents genes.
What reproduces sexually
Humans and plants
What is meiosis
Meiosis produces cells which half the normal number of chromosomes
What are the benefits of sexual reproduction
Offspring has a mixture of two sets of chromosomes variation increases the chance of a species surviving a change in the environment we can use selective breeding to speed up natural selection
What are the benefits of asexual reproduction
There only needs to be one parent it is faster than sexual reproduction and it requires less energy
What do genetic diagrams show
The possible combination of gametes. You can get to XX results and xy results so that is the same probability of getting a boy or a girl with a 50 to 50 ratio
What are x and Y chromosomes
They decide your sex
Males have X and Y chromosomes
Females have xx chromosomes
How does malaria parasite reproduce
Sexually when in the mosquito
Asexually when it’s in the human
How does fungi reproduce
These species releases spores which can become new fungi. Spores can be produced sexually or asexually. Asexually produced spores form fungi that are genetically identical to the parent fungus. Sexually produced spores introduced variation and are often produced in response to an unfavourable change in the environment.
How do plants reproduce sexually
by producing seeds
How do plants reproduce asexually
Many ways for example strawberry plants produced for runners. These are stems that grow horizontally on the surface of the soil away from the plant and when a new strawberry forms it is identical to the original plant another example is in the plants that grow from bulbs each new bulb can grow into a genetically identical plant
What are gametes
For males it’s sperm and for females it’s the eggs and its produced by meiosis
What is a genome
Genome means the entire set of genetic material in an organism
