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Biology 2 > Biology hormones p2 > Flashcards

Biology hormones p2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are the Endocrine glands found

A

Pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes

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2
Q

What does thyroid produce

A

It produces thyroxine which is involved in regulating things like rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature

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3
Q

What does the adrenal gland produce

A

It produces adrenaline

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4
Q

What does the pancreas produce

A

It’s produces insulin which is used to regulate the blood glucose level

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5
Q

What does the testes produce

A

Testosterone which controls puberty and sperm production

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6
Q

What does the ovaries produce

A

It produces oestrogen which is involved in the menstrual cycle

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7
Q

What are nerves

A

They have a very fast action, act for a very short time, act on a very precise area

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8
Q

What are hormones

A

They act for a long time act in a more general way and have a slower action

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9
Q

What controls blood glucose levels

A

Glucagon and insulin

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10
Q

What can excess glucose be stored as

A

Glycogen in the liver and in the muscles

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11
Q

What is added if blood glucose level was too high

A

Insulin

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12
Q

What is added if blood glucose level is too low

A

Glucagon

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13
Q

What 4 hormones is the menstrual cycle controlled by

A

FSH, Oestrogen , LH, progesterone

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14
Q

What is FSH

A

It is produced in the pituitary gland and it causes an egg to mature in one of the ovaries and it stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen

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15
Q

What is Oestrogen

A

Produced in the ovaries, Causes the lining of the uterus to grow and stimulates the release of LH and inhibits the release of FSH

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16
Q

What is LH

A

It is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of an egg at day 14

17
Q

What is progesterone

A

Produced in the ovaries by the remains of the follicle after ovulation and maintains the lining of the uterus during second half of the cycle and it inhibits the release of LH and FSH

18
Q

What is the pill containing oestrogen and progesterone called

A

Combined oral contraceptive pill. And it is used to stop you from getting pregnant

19
Q

What is a contraceptive

A

It is what stops you from getting pregnant

20
Q

What can FSH and LH be given to do

A

FSH and LH can be given to stimulate ovulation it increases fertility however it doesn’t always work, it’s expensive, and too many eggs could be stimulated which could result in unexpected multiple pregnancies

21
Q

What is IVF

A

It involves collecting eggs from ovaries and fertilising them in a lab using a mans sperm. The fertilised eggs are then transferred into human embryos in a lab and once the embryos are tiny balls of cells, 1 or 2 of them are transferred into the women’s uterus increasing the chance of pregnancy

22
Q

What are the disadvantages of IVF

A

It can cause multiple births, the success rate is low about 26% in the UK, it is stressful and upsetting, and some women may have a strong reaction to the hormones

23
Q

Why are some people against IVF

A

The process results in unused embryos that are eventually destroyed so some people think that it is unethical because each embryo is a potential human life and the genetic testing of embryos also raises ethical issues because it could lead to a selection of preferred characteristics such as gender or eyecolour

24
Q

Where is the thyroxine gland

A

In the neck

25
Q

Where is the adrenal gland

A

Just above the kidneys

26
Q

What does thyroxine do

A

It regulates metabolism

27
Q

What is type 1 diabetes

A

It is where the pancreas produces little or no insulin meaning the blood glucose level can rise to a level that can kill them so they need insulin therapy and they also need to limit the amount of simple carbohydrates they have and take regular exercise

28
Q

What is insulin therapy

A

It is where you take several injections of insulin to make sure that glucose is removed from the blood quickly once the food has been digested stopping the glucose level getting too high and the amount of insulin that needs to be injected depends on the persons Diet and how active they are

29
Q

What is Type 2 diabetes

A

It is where a person becomes resistant to their own insulin which can cause the blood sugar level to rise to a dangerous level

30
Q

What can increase the chance of getting type 2 diabetes

A

Being overweight

31
Q

How can type 2 diabetes be controlled

A

By eating a carbohydrate controlled diet and getting regular exercise

32
Q

What gland releases ADH

A

Pituitary gland

Biology 2 (14 decks)

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