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Biology 2 > Topic 10 p2 > Flashcards

Topic 10 p2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are abiotic factors

A

Nonliving factors of the environment

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2
Q

What are biotic factors

A

Living factors of the environment

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3
Q

What is a ecosystem

A

The interaction of a community of biotic with abiotic parts of the environment

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4
Q

What is interdependence

A

When a species are dependent on each other

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5
Q

What can a change in the ecosystem cause

A

Far-reaching effects

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6
Q

Abiotic factors examples

A

Light intensity temperature common dioxide level wind intensity

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7
Q

Biotic factors examples

A

Competition new pathogens availability of food new predators arriving

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8
Q

What are the adaptations that allow organisms to survive

A

Structural behavioural functional

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9
Q

What is structural adaptation

A

Organisms body structures such as shape or colour that can help camouflage themselves or sneak up on prey

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10
Q

What is behavioural adaptation

A

Ways organisms behaved. Many species migrate to warmer climates during winter to avoid problems of living in cold conditions

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11
Q

What is functional adaptation

A

Things that go on inside an organisms body that can be related to processes like reproduction and metabolism

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12
Q

What are extremophiles

A

Microorganisms that are adapted to live in very extreme conditions for examples in high temperatures

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13
Q

What are consumers that hunt and kill other animals called

A

Predators and Their prey r what they eat

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14
Q

What is a quadrat used to provide

A

A sampling area of known size and the quadrant is placed on the ground and the number of organisms it covers is counted

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15
Q

Want to transects show

A

Distribution of organisms across one area

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16
Q

What do environmental changes affect

A

Distribution of organisms which changes where an organism lives

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17
Q

What are the environmental changes that affect the distribution of organisms

A

Temperature availability of water and atmospheric gases for example air pollution

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18
Q

What can decomposition produce

A

Compost that is used as a natural fertiliser for crops and garden plants

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19
Q

What factors affect the rate of decay

A

Temperature water availability oxygen availability and number of decay organisms

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20
Q

What is biogas made up of and how is it made

A

Made up of methane which can be burned as a fuel and is made by anaerobic decay of waste material

21
Q

What are the two main types of biogas generators

A

Batch generators and continuous generators

22
Q

What are batch generators

A

Makes biogas in small amounts and are manually loaded up with waste

23
Q

What are continuous generators

A

Makes biogas all the time waste is continuously fed in and biogas is produced at a steady rate

24
Q

What does a continuous or batch generator need to have

A

Inlet for waste material to be put in

outlet for the digested material to be removed through

outlets so that biogas can be piped to where it is needed

25
Q

What is biodiversity

A

The variety of different species of an organism on Earth or within an ecosystem

26
Q

Why is deforestation done

A

To clear land for farming to provide more food and to grow crops from which biofuels based on ethanol can be produced

27
Q

What programs are done to protect ecosystems and biodiversity

A

Breeding programs habitat protection prevent global warming and reducing waste

28
Q

What are breeding programs

A

Set up to prevent endangered species from becoming extinct

29
Q

What is habitat protection

A

To protect and regenerate rare habitats like mangroves heathland and coral reefs and to preserve the ecosystem and biodiversity in the area

30
Q

What is the global warming program

A

Government introduced laws to reduce level of deforestation and carbon dioxide released by businesses

31
Q

What is reducing waste program

A

People encouraged to recycle and reduce amount of waste

32
Q

What is the conflict for protecting biodiversity

A

Costs money protecting our food security and development is important

33
Q

What are trophic levels

A

Different levels of a food chain

34
Q

What is trophic level one

A

Producers they make their own food by photosynthesis using energy from the Sun

35
Q

Trophic level two

A

Herbivores that eat plants and algae and primary consumers

36
Q

Trophic level three

A

Carnivores that eat primary consumers and secondary consumers they are meat eaters

37
Q

Trophic level four

A

Carnivores eat other carnivores are tertiary consumers also known as apex predators

38
Q

What do decomposers such as bacteria and fungi do

A

Decompose the plant or animal material left in environment by secreting enzymes that break the stuff down into small soluble food molecules then diffuse into Microorganisms

39
Q

What happens when you move up a stage in a food chain

A

There is less energy and less biomass

40
Q

Why is biomass lost between each trophic level

A

Organisms don’t absorb all staff in food they take in.some of biomass is converted into other substances that are lost as waste

41
Q

What is food security

A

Having enough food to feed a population

42
Q

What can threaten food security

A

Increase population
Diets in countries change
Farming can be affected by new pests and pathogens
Farming costs

43
Q

What is sustainable production

A

Making enough food without using resources faster than they renew

44
Q

What does overfishing reduce

A

Fish stocks meaning there are fewer fish

45
Q

How can fish stocks be maintained

A

Fishing quotas and net size

46
Q

What is fishing quotas

A

Limits number and size of fish that can be caught in certain areas

47
Q

What is net size

A

Change mesh size to reduce number of unwanted fish

48
Q

What is mycroprotein

A

Food from fungi

Biology 2 (14 decks)

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