TOPIC 6- Liquids and Solids Flashcards
The fundamental difference between states of matter is the strength of the
Intermolecular forces of attraction
Stronger intermolecular force
bring molecules closer together
What are the condensed state of matter?
Liquids and Solids
Liquids and Solids are formed by forces that may involve?
Covalent bonding
Ionic Bonding
Intermolecular Forces
They are forces that occur between molecules
Intermolecular Forces (IMF)
The attraction between molecule are not nearly as strong as
intermolecular attractions (bonds)
What are the physical properties that reflect IMF?
Boiling points
Melting points
Viscosity
Surface Tension
Capillary action
What are the types of IMFs?
Dispersion forces
Dipole-dipole forces
Hydrogen Bonding
Ion-dipole forces
What forces are van der Waals forces
Dispersion forces
Dipole-Dipole forces
Instantaneous dipole that occurs in a given atm induces a similar dipole in a neighboring atom which instigates weak and short-lived interatomic attraction.
London Dispersion Forces
It is the tendency of an electron cloud to distort
Polarizability
Factors that affect dispersion force in a molecule are?
- number of electrons in an atom
- size of atom or molecule/molecular weight
- Shape of molecules with similar masses
In London dispersion, more electrons
more dispersion force
In London dispersion, more compact
less dispersion force
It is exhibited by molecules with polar bonds that behave in an electric field
Dipole-dipole Forces
In dipole-dipole forces, as distance between dipoles increase
forces grow weaker
For molecules of approximately equal mass and size, the more polar the molecule
the higher its boiling point
Strong dipole-dipole forces can be noticed when H is bound to highly electronegative atoms like N, O, and F.
Hydrogen Bonding
In Hydrogen bonding, strength can be characterized by:
- Polarity of the bond
- Close approach of the dipoles
- Small size of the H atom
If two molecules are of comparable size and shape,
dipole dipole interaction will likely be dominating force
if one molecule is much larger than another, dispersion forces will likely determine its
physical properties
are found in solutions of ions and the strength of these forces is what makes it possible for ionic substance to dissolve in polar solvent
Ion-dipole interactions
Liquids exhibit?
low compressibility, lack of rigidity and high density
it is the resistance of a liquid to an increase surface area
Surface Tension