TOPIC 3 Molecular Orbitals Flashcards
is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecue
Molecular Structure
angle between any 2 bonds that include a common atom.
Bond Angle
The structure around a given atom is determined principally
by
Minimizing Electron Pair Repulsions
shared between two nuclei
Bonding Pairs
A molecule that has a center of positive charge and a center of negative charge is said to be ___________ or to possess a _____________
dipolar, dipole moment
Most electron-rich region
Red
- Most electron-poor region
Blue
Any diatomic molecule with polar bonds will exhibit dipole moments
Bond Polarity
Equal and oppositely bond dipoles
Non-polar Molecule
Bond Dipoles
Polar Molecule
electrons of two atoms begin to occupy the same space.
Valence Bond Theory
____________ form by “mixing” of atomic orbitals to create new orbitals of equal energy, called ____________
Hybrid Orbitals, degenerate orbitals
head-to-head overlap
Sigma (σ) bonds
– side-to-side overlap
Pi (π) bond
are always σ bonds
Single Bonds
have one σbond, all other bonds are πbonds.
Multiple Bonds
The elements which have more than an octet
Hypervalent Molecules
Wave properties are used to describe the energy of the electrons in a molecule.
Molecular Orbital Theory
have many characteristics like atomic orbitals
Molecular Orbitals
are constructive combinations of atomic orbitals.
Bonding Orbitals
are destructive combinations of atomic orbitals.
Antibonding orbitals
occurs where electron density equals zero.
Nodal Plane
Whenever there is direct overlap of
orbitals, forming a bonding and an
antibonding orbital, they are called
sigma (σ) molecular orbitals
shows how orbitals from atoms combine to
give the molecule.
energy-level diagram, or MO diagram
It refers to the difference
between the number of bonding electrons and
the number of antibonding electrons divided
by 2.
Bond Order
These molecules are composed of two identical atoms.
Homonuclear Diatomic Molecule
is the result of all electrons in every orbital being spin
paired.
Diamagnetism
is the result of the presence of one or more
unpaired electrons in an orbital.
Paramagnetism
Diatomic molecules can consist of atoms from different elements.
Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules
