TOPIC 12- SPONTANEITY, ENTROPY, AND FREE ENERGY

Question 1

A process is said to be ——- if it occurs without outside
intervention. Spontaneous processes may be fast or slow.

Answer 1

spontaneous

Question 2

An alternative way to describe a spontaneous process

Answer 2

thermodynamically favored

Question 3

Nature spontaneously proceeds toward the states that have the

Answer 3

highest probability of existing

Question 4

The driving force for a spontaneous process is an increase in the

Answer 4

entropy

Question 5

When order increases,

Answer 5

entropy decreases

inversely proportional

Question 6

It is a measure of molecular randomness or disorder.

Answer 6

entropy

Question 6

is a thermodynamic function that describes the number of
arrangements that are available to a system existing in a state.

Answer 6

Entropy

Question 7

is each configuration that gives a particular arrangement.

Answer 7

microstate

Question 8

Entropy changes in the surroundings are primarily determined by

Answer 8

heat flow

Question 9

Solids, for example, are more ordered than liquids or gases and thus
have —— entropy.

Answer 9

lower

Question 10

When a substance changes phase, entropy?

Answer 10

increases or decreases

Question 11

It states that in any spontaneous process there is always an increase in the entropy of the universe.

The total energy of the universe is constant, but the entropy is increas

Answer 11

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Question 12

If Δ𝑆 universe > 0, the process is

Answer 12

spontaneous

Question 13

The Δ𝑆 will be greater at ———— because there is 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟
less thermal energy to give.

Answer 13

lower temperatures

Question 14

Entropy of the surroundings increases in an

Answer 14

exothermic process

Question 15

is the entropy change for a reaction carried out at 1 atm and 25°C.

Answer 15

standard entropy of reaction (𝑆°𝑟𝑥𝑛)

Question 16

If there are more gas molecules in the products,

Answer 16

Δ𝑆° > 0

Question 17

If there are more gas molecules in the reactants,

Answer 17

Δ𝑆° > 0

Question 18

If there is no net change in the total number of gas molecules, then Δ𝑆°
may be positive or negative but will be a

Answer 18

smaller number

Question 19

is the amount of energy available to do work.

Answer 19

Free energy

Question 20

If Δ𝐺 is negative, the process is

Answer 20

spontaneous

Question 21

If Δ𝐺 is positive, the process is

Answer 21

nonspontaneous

Question 22

If Δ𝐺 = 0, the process is in

Answer 22

equilibrium

Question 23

is the change in free energy
that will occur if the reactants in their standard states are converted to the products in their standard states.

Answer 23

Standard Free Energy Change

Question 24

Its value tells us nothing about the rate of a reaction, only its **eventual equilibrium position.**

Answer 24

Standard Free Energy

Question 25

It states that a perfect crystal represents the lowest possible entropy; that is, the **entropy of a perfect crystal at zero Kelvin is zero**.

Answer 25

The Third Law of Thermdynamics

Question 26

If **Δ𝐺 is negative**, then **K>1**, and equilibrium shifts to the

Answer 26

right

Question 27

If **Δ𝐺 is positive**, then K<1, and equilibrium shifts to the`

Answer 27

left

Question 28

If **Δ𝐺 is zero**, then **K=1**, and ther will be

Answer 28

no shift