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Biology > Topic 6 - Food and Digestion > Flashcards

Topic 6 - Food and Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Balanced Diet

A

Where you intake food from different food groups in the correct proportions to get different essential nutrients

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2
Q

Digestion

A

The process by which large, insoluble food molecules are broken down into small, soluble food molecules

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3
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

The breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules

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4
Q

Chemical digestion

A

When large insoluble molecules are broken down into small soluble molecules by the action of digestive enzymes

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5
Q

Enzyme

A

A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions

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6
Q

Peristalsis

A

When circular and longitudinal muscles contract and relax to change the shape of the alimentary canal so food passes along

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7
Q

Absorption

A

When digested food molecules move from the digestive system into the bloodstream

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8
Q

Assimilation

A

The process by which the absorbed products of digestion are used to build new cells/parts of cells

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9
Q

Bile

A

An alkaline substance that creates optimum conditions for enzymes of the small intestine, neutralises the acidic bolus and breaks up large fat globules into smaller droplets (emulsification)

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10
Q

Egestion

A

The expulsion of the faeces through the anus

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11
Q

Ingestion

A

The consumption of a substance by an organism

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12
Q

Chemical elements present in carbohydrates

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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13
Q

Chemical elements present in protein

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur

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14
Q

Chemical elements present in lipids

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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15
Q

Carbohydrates structure

A

Starch is made of chains of glucose (polymer)

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16
Q

Protein structure

A

Protein is made of chains of amino acids

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17
Q

Lipids structure

A

Lipids are made of glycerol and three fatty acids

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18
Q

Test for starch

A

Yellow/orange iodine solution will turn blue-black

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19
Q

Test for glucose

A

Blue Benedict’s solution will turn green, then yellow, then orange or brick-red if there is a large amount of glucose

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20
Q

Test for protein

A

Blue Biuret’s solution turns lilac

21
Q

Tests for lipids

A
  1. Colourless ethanol + water mixture will form a cloudy white emulsion
  2. Paper will turn from opaque to transparent/translucent
22
Q

Carbohydrates function

A

Our main energy source

23
Q

Proteins function

A

For growth and repair

24
Q

Lipids function

A

Provides insulation and is energy storage

25
Q

Vitamin A function

A

Good for vision, hair, teeth, and nails

26
Q

Vitamin C funtion

A

Prevents scurvy (connective tissue problems)

27
Q

Vitamin D function

A

Helps to absorb calcium and prevents rickets (soft and weakened bones)

28
Q

Calcium function

A

Prevents osteoporosis (brittle bones)

29
Q

Iron function

A

Prevents anemia

30
Q

Water function

A

Needed for chemical reactions and sweating and the removal of waste

31
Q

Mouth

A

Where food enters the alimentary canal and digestion begins

32
Q

Oesophagus

A

Muscular tube which moves ingested food from the mouth to the stomach

33
Q

Stomach

A

Muscular organ where digestion occurs. Pepsin digests protein, and hydrochloric acid increases enzyme activity.

34
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine where the neutralisation of the acidic bolus occurs

35
Q

Ileum

A

Second part of the small intestine where most of the digestion and absorption occurs

36
Q

Colon

A

First part of the large intestine where absorption of water and some vitamins and minerals occur

37
Q

Rectum

A

Last part of the large intestine where faeces are stored

38
Q

Pancreas

A

Creates and secretes digestive enzymes

39
Q

Amylase

A

Converts starch into maltose

40
Q

Maltase

A

Converts maltose into glucose

41
Q

Protease

A

Converts protein into amino acids

42
Q

Lipase

A

Converts lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

43
Q

Villi

A

Tiny, finger-shaped structures that increase the surface area for more efficient food absorption

44
Q

Substrate

A

The molecule involved in the enzyme reaction which fits into the active site of the enzyme

45
Q

Amylase location

A

Made:
- Mouth
- Pancreas
- Small intestine

Works in the:
- Mouth
- Small intestine

46
Q

Maltase location

A

Made:
- Small intestine

Works in the:
- Small intestine

47
Q

Protease location

A

Made:
- Stomach
- Pancreas
- Small intestine

Works in the:
- Stomach
- Small intestine

48
Q

Lipase location

A

Made:
- Pancreas
- Small intestine

Works in the:
- Small intestine

Biology (17 decks)

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