TOPIC 6= CELLULAR METABOLISM

Question 1

METABOLISM?

Answer 1

SUM OF ALL CHEM REACTIONS IN AN ORGANISM
ARISES FROM ORDERLY INTERACTION BETWEEN MOLECULES

Question 2

CATABOLIC PATHWAY?

Answer 2

RELEASE ENERGY BY BREAKING COMPLEX INTO SMALLER MOLECULES
EX: CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Question 3

ANABOLIC PATHWAY?

Answer 3

CONSUME ENERGY TO BUILD COMPLEX FROM SMALLER MOLECULES
EX: PROTEIN FROM AA

Question 4

ENERGY? (3)

Answer 4

CAPACITY TO CAUSE CHANGE THAT EXISTS IN MANY FORMS, SOME THAT CAN PREFORM WORK

Question 5

TYPES OF ENERGY?

Answer 5

KINETIC, THERMAL, POTENTIAL, CHEMICAL

Question 6

1ST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS?

Answer 6

ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED, ONLY CONVERTED TO OTHER FORMS. ENERGY IN UNIVERSE IS CONSTANT

Question 7

2ND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS?

Answer 7

DURING A TRANSFORMATION SOME ENERGY IS LOST AS HEAT, EACH TRANSFORMATION INCREASES ENTROPY OF UNIVERSE

Question 8

ENTROPY?

Answer 8

MEASURE OF MOLECULAR RANDOMNESS AND DISORDER

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE: HEAT IS A DISORDERED FORM OF ENERGY?

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

SPONTANEOUS PROCESSES? (3)

Answer 10

OCCUR WITH NO ENERGY, CAN HAPPEN QUICKLY OR SLOW, INCREASE ENTROPY

Question 11

FREE ENERGY?

Answer 11

ENERGY THAT CAN DO WORK WHEN TEMP AND PRESSURE ARE UNIFORM, SHOWS WHETHER REACTION IS SPONTANEOUS OR NOT

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE: DURING SPONTANEOUS CHANGE FREE ENERGY IS LESS THAN ZERO?

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

EXERGONIC REACTION? (4)

Answer 13

SPONTANEOUS, NEGATIVE, NET RELEASE OF FE, FE LESS THAN ZERO

Question 14

ENDOGONIC REACTION? (4)

Answer 14

ABSORBS ENERGY, NONSPONTANEOUS, FE GREATER THAN ZERO, POSITITVE

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE: METABOLISM IS NEVER AT EQUILIBRIUM?

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF WORK CELLS DO?

Answer 16

CHEM, MECHAN, TRANSPORT

Question 17

ENERGY COUPLING?

Answer 17

USE OF EXERGONIC PROCESSES TO DRIVE ENDOGONIC, USED BY CELLS TO DO WORK

Question 18

ATP HYDROLYSIS? (3)

Answer 18

BREAKING OF TERMINAL PHOSPHATE OF ATP RELEASES ENERGY, GOES TO LOWER STATE OF FE, EXERGONIC

Question 19

PHOSPHORLATION?

Answer 19

TRANSFERRING PHOSPHATE GROUP TO ANOTHER SUBSTANCE, MAKING A PHOSPHORYLATED INTERMEDIATE

Question 20

ATP REGENERATION?(3)

Answer 20

EXERGONIC, SPONTANEOUS, ADDING A PHOSPHATE TO ADP, COMES FROM CATABOLIC REACTION IN THE CELL

Question 21

ACTIVATION ENERGY?

Answer 21

ENERGY NEEDED TO START CHEM REACTION

Question 22

STEPS FOR ENZYME BINDING? (5)

Answer 22

1. SUBSTRATES ENTER ACTIVE SITE
2. HELD IN BY WEAK INTERACTIONS
3. A.S. LOWERS EA
4. SUBSTRATES TURN INTO PRODUCTS
5. PRODUCTS GET RELEASED

Question 23

OTHER WAYS TO LOWER EA?

Answer 23

STRAINING SUBSTRATE BONDS, PROVIDING FAVOURABLE MICROENVIROMENT, COVALENTLY BONDING TO SUBSTRATE IN REACTION

Question 24

COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR?

Answer 24

BINDS TO ACTIVE SITE SO THE SUBSTRATE CANT

Question 25

NONCOMPETITIVE INHIBITOR?

Answer 25

BIND TO ANOTHER PART OF ENZYME SO IT CHANGES SHAPE SO ITS LESS EFFECTIVE

Question 26

ALLOSTERIC REGULATION?

Answer 26

EITHER INHIBIT/STIMULATE ENZYME WORKING, BINDS TO PROTEIN AT ONE SITE AND AFFECTS PROTEIN FUNCTION AT ANOTHER ONE

Question 27

COOPERATIVITY?

Answer 27

ALLOSTERIC REGULATION THAT CAN AMPLIFY AND INFLUENCE AFFINITY FOR MORE SUBSTRATE

Question 28

FEEDBACK INHIBITION?

Answer 28

END PRODUCT OF METABOLIC PATHWAY SHUTS IT DOWN