Topic 6

Question 1

What are the four types of data that document the pattern of evolution?

Answer 1

i) Direct observations of populations changing in real-time
ii) Homology
iii) Fossil records
iv) Biogeography

Question 2

Explain how direct observations of evolutionary change are evidence for evolution.

Answer 2

Ex. Ground Finches with selective pressures

Ex. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Question 3

What is similarity resulting from common ancestry?

Answer 3

Homology

“Descent with modification”

Question 4

What is comparative embryology?

Answer 4

It reveals anatomical homologies not visible in adult organisms
Ex. shared embryonic structures

Question 5

What are remnants of features that served important functions in an organism’s ancestors?

Answer 5

Vestigial structures

Question 6

What are molecular homologies?

Answer 6

Genes shared among organisms inherited from a common ancestor

Question 7

What three things does the fossil record provide evidence of?

Answer 7

i) Extinction of species
ii) Origin of new groups
iii) Changes within groups over time

Question 8

What is the study of the geographic distribution of organisms based on both living species and fossils?

Answer 8

Biogeography

Question 9

What are endemic species?

Answer 9

Species only found in a specific area and that are not found anywhere else in the world