Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 108 > Topic 12 > Flashcards

Topic 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four supergroups of protists?

A

i) Excavates
ii) SAR
iii) Archaeplastida
iv) Unikonts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the excavates?

A

This supergroup includes incellular protists with modified mitochondria and protists with unique flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the SAR protists?

A

Grouped by DNA similarities

May have originated by secondary endosymbiosis and dominate eukaryotic diversity in the oceans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the Archaeplastida?

A

Includes red algae and green algae and the closest relatives to land plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are Unikonts?

A

Include protists that are closely related to fungi and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three clades in excavata?

A

i) Diplomonads
ii) Parabasalids
iii) Euglenozoans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What protists (2 clades) lack plastids, have modified mitochondria, live in anaerobic environments and are often parasites?

A

Diplomonads and Parabasalids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What characterizes euglenozoans?

A

A spiral or crystalline rod of unknown function inside flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What has one or two flagella that emerges from a pocket at one end of its cell?

A

Euglenids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What protist clade is a highly diverse monophyletic supergroup defined by DNA similarities?

A

SAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What three major clades are in SAR?

A

Stramenophiles, Alveolates, and Rhizarians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How did SAR likely originate?

A

By secondary endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic red alga

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the stramenophiles clade include?

A

Some photosynthetic organisms like diatoms, golden algae and brown algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are diatoms?

A

Unicellular algae with a unique two-part, glass-like wall of silicon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are brown algae?

A

Largest and most complex algae that are multicellular and called “seaweeds”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the life-cycle of brown algae include?

A

The alteration of generations

17
Q

What is alteration of generations?

A

Alternation of multicellular haploid and diploid forms

18
Q

What happens in the alteration of generations in brown algae?

A

i) diploid sporophyte produces haploid flagellated spores called zoospores
ii) zoospores develop into haploid male and female gametophytes which produce gametes
iii) fertilization of gametes results in a diploid zygote which grows into a new sporophyte

19
Q

What defines the clade of alveolata?

A

They have membrane-bound sacs (alveoli) under the plasma membrane

20
Q

What clades are within Alveolates?

A

Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexans, and Ciliates

21
Q

What are dinoflagellates?

A

Have two flagella and reinforced by cellulose plates that live in marine and fresh water

22
Q

What are apicomplexans?

A

They are parasites of animals and spread infectious cells sporozoites

23
Q

What are ciliates?

A

Heterotrophs that use cilia to move and feed and usually reproduce asexually

24
Q

What are rhizarians?

A

Diverse group defined by DNA similarities and includes amoebas that move and feed by pseudopodia

25
Q

What protist clade is the photosynthetic supergroup that includes red and green algae and land plants?

A

Archaeplastida

26
Q

What are land plants descended from?

A

Green algae

27
Q

What are photoautotrophic eukaryotes that are not members of the Kingdom Plantae?

A

Algae

28
Q

What algae is reddish in colour due to an accessory pigment (phycoerythrin) which masks chorophyll?

A

Red algae

29
Q

What algae are named for their green pigments in chloroplasts?

A

Green algae

30
Q

What kind of phylogeny does green algae have?

A

Paraphyletic

31
Q

Where do green algae live?

A

Mostly in freshwater

32
Q

What are the two main groups of green algae?

A

Chlorophytes and charophytes

33
Q

What protist supergroup includes those that are closely related to fungi and animals?

A

Unikonta

34
Q

What two clades are in Unikonta?

A

Amoebozoans and opisthokonts

35
Q

What defines amoeba in amoebozoans?

A

They have lobe or tube shaped pseudopodia

36
Q

Amoebozoan slime molds include what two lineages?

A

Plasmodial and cellular slime molds

37
Q

What type of slime molds are brightly pigmented and form a mass called a plasmodium?

A

Plasmodial slime molds

38
Q

What type of slime mold form multicellular aggregates in which cells are separated by their membranes?

A

Cellular slime molds

39
Q

What other two groups of amoebozoans are there?

A

Tubulinids (heterotrophic)

Entamoebas (parasites)

BIOL 108 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions